World Factbook
Azerbaijan
Azarbaycan Respublikasi
Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)
Area
land
82,629 sq km
note
note: includes the exclave of Naxcivan Autonomous Republic and the Nagorno-Karabakh region; the final status of the region has yet to be determined
water
3,971 sq km
total
86,600 sq km
Climate
dry, semiarid steppe
Terrain
large, flat Kur-Araz Ovaligi (Kura-Araks Lowland, much of it below sea level) with Great Caucasus Mountains to the north, Qarabag Yaylasi (Karabakh Upland) to the west; Baku lies on Abseron Yasaqligi (Apsheron Peninsula) that juts into Caspian Sea
Land use
other
27.7% (2023 est.)
forest
14.4% (2023 est.)
agricultural land
57.8% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 25.3% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 3.3% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 29.2% (2023 est.)
Location
Southwestern Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Russia, with a small European portion north of the Caucasus range
Coastline
0 km (landlocked)
note: Azerbaijan borders the Caspian Sea (713 km)
Elevation
lowest point
Caspian Sea -28 m
highest point
Bazarduzu Dagi 4,466 m
mean elevation
384 m
Irrigated land
14,693 sq km (2022)
Map references
Asia
Land boundaries
total
2,468 km
border countries
Armenia 996 km; Georgia 428 km; Iran 689 km; Russia 338 km; Turkey 17 km
Maritime claims
none (landlocked)
Natural hazards
droughts
Geography - note
both the main area of the country and the Naxcivan exclave are landlocked
Natural resources
petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, nonferrous metals, bauxite
Area - comparative
about three-quarters the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than Maine
Geographic coordinates
40 30 N, 47 30 E
Population distribution
highest population density is found in the far eastern area of the country, in and around Baku; apart from smaller urbanized areas, the rest of the country has a fairly light and evenly distributed population
Major lakes (area sq km)
salt water lake(s)
Caspian Sea (shared with Iran, Russia, Turkmenistan, and Kazakhstan) - 374,000 sq km