World Factbook
Azerbaijan
Azarbaycan Respublikasi
Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)
Literacy
male
99.8% (2023 est.)
female
99.7% (2023 est.)
total population
99.8% (2023 est.)
Languages
note
note: Russian is widely spoken
Languages
Azerbaijani 96.1%, other 1.4%; less than 1%: Russian, Avar, Talyshi, Turkish, Tatar, Sakhur, Tat, Ukrainian, Georgian, Hebrew (2019 est.)
major-language sample(s)
Dünya fakt kitabı, əsas məlumatlar üçün əvəz olunmaz mənbədir (Azerbaijani) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions
Muslim 97.3% (predominantly Shia), Christian 2.6%, other <0.1, unaffiliated <0.1 (2020 est.)
note: religious affiliation for the majority of Azerbaijanis is largely nominal, percentages for actual practicing adherents are probably much lower
Sex ratio
at birth
1.15 male(s)/female
0-14 years
1.15 male(s)/female
15-64 years
1 male(s)/female
total population
1 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
65 years and over
0.72 male(s)/female
Birth rate
11.13 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate
6.44 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Median age
male
32.8 years
total
34.8 years (2025 est.)
female
36 years
Population
male
5,354,376
total
10,694,370 (2025 est.)
female
5,339,994
Nationality
noun
Azerbaijani(s)
adjective
Azerbaijani
Tobacco use
male
37.9% (2025 est.)
total
18.4% (2025 est.)
female
0.1% (2025 est.)
Urbanization
note
note: data include Nagorno-Karabakh
urban population
57.6% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization
1.38% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Age structure
0-14 years
22.3% (male 1,269,241/female 1,104,529)
15-64 years
68.7% (male 3,659,441/female 3,656,493)
65 years and over
9% (2024 est.) (male 401,551/female 558,984)
Ethnic groups
Azerbaijani 94.8%, other 1.8%; less than 1%: Talish, Russian, Avar, Sakhur, Tartar, Georgian, Jewish, Kurd (2019 est.)
note: Nagorno-Karabakh, which is part of Azerbaijan on the basis of the borders recognized when the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991, was populated almost entirely by ethnic Armenians; Azerbaijan has over 80 ethnic groups
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio
45.6 (2025 est.)
youth dependency ratio
31.6 (2025 est.)
potential support ratio
7.1 (2025 est.)
elderly dependency ratio
14 (2025 est.)
Physician density
3.19 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
4.7% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
4.6% of national budget (2022 est.)
Net migration rate
-0.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Hospital bed density
3.9 beds/1,000 population (2019 est.)
Total fertility rate
1.69 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Drinking water source
improved: rural
rural: 94.5% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 97.6% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 5.5% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 2.4% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Education expenditure
Education expenditure (% GDP)
3.7% of GDP (2023 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget)
11.9% national budget (2025 est.)
Infant mortality rate
male
12.6 deaths/1,000 live births
total
10.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
female
9 deaths/1,000 live births
Population growth rate
0.4% (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
0.79 (2025 est.)
Population distribution
highest population density is found in the far eastern area of the country, in and around Baku; apart from smaller urbanized areas, the rest of the country has a fairly light and evenly distributed population
Life expectancy at birth
male
73.5 years
female
78.6 years
total population
75.9 years (2024 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
18 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Sanitation facility access
improved: urban
urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita
beer
0.36 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine
0.06 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
total
1.38 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits
0.94 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols
0.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Major urban areas - population
2.432 million BAKU (capital) (2023)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
19.9% (2016)
Mother's mean age at first birth
24 years (2019 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
59.7% (2019 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight
3% (2023 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
male
13 years (2023 est.)
total
13 years (2023 est.)
female
13 years (2023 est.)