World Factbook

Bahrain

Mamlakat al Bahrayn

Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)

Budget

note

note: central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

revenues

$5.538 billion (2020 est.)

expenditures

$9.982 billion (2020 est.)

Exports

note

note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

Exports 2022

$44.58 billion (2022 est.)

Exports 2023

$40.344 billion (2023 est.)

Exports 2024

$41.303 billion (2024 est.)

Imports

note

note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

Imports 2022

$33.066 billion (2022 est.)

Imports 2023

$32.374 billion (2023 est.)

Imports 2024

$33.044 billion (2024 est.)

Industries

petroleum processing and refining, aluminum smelting, iron pelletization, fertilizers, Islamic and offshore banking, insurance, ship repairing, tourism

Labor force

913,300 (2024 est.)

note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

Public debt

note

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Public debt 2020

111.6% of GDP (2020 est.)

Remittances

note

note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Remittances 2021

0% of GDP (2021 est.)

Remittances 2022

0% of GDP (2022 est.)

Remittances 2023

0% of GDP (2023 est.)

Exchange rates

Currency

Bahraini dinars (BHD) per US dollar -

Exchange rates 2020

0.376 (2020 est.)

Exchange rates 2021

0.376 (2021 est.)

Exchange rates 2022

0.376 (2022 est.)

Exchange rates 2023

0.376 (2023 est.)

Exchange rates 2024

0.376 (2024 est.)

Economic overview

high-income, growing Middle Eastern island economy; oil and aluminum exporter with diversification led by services, construction and manufacturing; regional finance and tourism hub; high public debt linked to oil revenue dependence and limited tax base; vulnerable to water reservoir depletion

Unemployment rate

note

note: % of labor force seeking employment

Unemployment rate 2022

1.4% (2022 est.)

Unemployment rate 2023

1.2% (2023 est.)

Unemployment rate 2024

1.2% (2024 est.)

Exports - partners

UAE 16%, Saudi Arabia 15%, South Africa 8%, USA 6%, India 4% (2023)

note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

Imports - partners

China 13%, Saudi Arabia 12%, UAE 11%, Brazil 8%, Australia 7% (2023)

note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

Real GDP per capita

note

note: data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP per capita 2022

$57,600 (2022 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2023

$57,800 (2023 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2024

$59,100 (2024 est.)

Real GDP growth rate

note

note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real GDP growth rate 2022

6.2% (2022 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2023

3.9% (2023 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2024

3% (2024 est.)

Agricultural products

lamb/mutton, dates, milk, tomatoes, chicken, eggs, sheep offal, sheepskins, eggplants, chillies/peppers (2023)

note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Exports - commodities

refined petroleum, aluminum, iron ore, aluminum wire, jewelry (2023)

note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Imports - commodities

iron ore, aluminum oxide, ships, cars, gold (2023)

note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Current account balance

note

note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Current account balance 2022

$6.839 billion (2022 est.)

Current account balance 2023

$2.699 billion (2023 est.)

Current account balance 2024

$2.282 billion (2024 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

2.8% (of GDP) (2020 est.)

note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

GDP (official exchange rate)

$47.737 billion (2024 est.)

note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate

GDP - composition, by end use

note

note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

household consumption

38.9% (2023 est.)

government consumption

14.6% (2023 est.)

investment in inventories

1.8% (2023 est.)

investment in fixed capital

27.5% (2023 est.)

exports of goods and services

87.4% (2023 est.)

imports of goods and services

-70.1% (2023 est.)

Average household expenditures

on food

13.6% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

on alcohol and tobacco

0.4% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

note

note: annual % change based on consumer prices

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022

3.6% (2022 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023

0.1% (2023 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024

0.9% (2024 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

0.1% (2023 est.)

note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Real GDP (purchasing power parity)

note

note: data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022

$87.781 billion (2022 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023

$91.185 billion (2023 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024

$93.937 billion (2024 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)

male

2.5% (2024 est.)

note

note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

total

5.2% (2024 est.)

female

12.4% (2024 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

note

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022

$4.775 billion (2022 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023

$5.118 billion (2023 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024

$4.949 billion (2024 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

note

note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

industry

43.4% (2023 est.)

services

51.9% (2023 est.)

agriculture

0.3% (2023 est.)