World Factbook
Bahrain
Mamlakat al Bahrayn
Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)
Area
land
760 sq km
water
0 sq km
total
760 sq km
Climate
arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers
Terrain
mostly low desert plain rising gently to low central escarpment
Land use
other
84.2% (2023 est.)
forest
4.3% (2023 est.)
agricultural land
10.1% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 2.6% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 2.5% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 5% (2023 est.)
Location
Middle East, archipelago in the Persian Gulf, east of Saudi Arabia
Coastline
161 km
Elevation
lowest point
Persian Gulf 0 m
highest point
Jabal ad Dukhan 135 m
Irrigated land
40 sq km (2012)
Major aquifers
Arabian Aquifer System
Map references
Middle East
Land boundaries
total
0 km
Maritime claims
contiguous zone
24 nm
territorial sea
12 nm
continental shelf
extending to boundaries to be determined
Natural hazards
periodic droughts; dust storms
Geography - note
close to primary Middle Eastern petroleum sources; strategic location in Persian Gulf, through which much of the Western world's petroleum must transit to reach open ocean
Natural resources
oil, associated and nonassociated natural gas, fish, pearls
Area - comparative
3.5 times the size of Washington, D.C.
Geographic coordinates
26 00 N, 50 33 E
Population distribution
smallest population of the Gulf States, but urbanization rate exceeds 90%; largest settlement concentration is found on the far northern end of the island in and around Manamah and Al Muharraq