World Factbook

Bangladesh

Gana Prajatantri Bangladesh

Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)

Literacy

male

81.4% (2022 est.)

female

76.5% (2022 est.)

total population

79% (2022 est.)

Languages

Bangla 98.8% (official, also known as Bengali), other 1.2% (2011 est.)

major-language sample(s)

বিশ্ব ফ্যাক্টবুক, মৌলিক তথ্যের অপরিহার্য উৎস (Bangla) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Religions

Muslim 91%, Hindu 8%, other 1% (2022 est.)

Sex ratio

at birth

1.04 male(s)/female

0-14 years

1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years

0.95 male(s)/female

total population

0.96 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

65 years and over

0.87 male(s)/female

Birth rate

19.45 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Death rate

6.05 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Median age

male

28.7 years

total

27.8 years (2025 est.)

female

30.4 years

Population

male

83,908,720

total

174,370,536 (2025 est.)

female

90,461,816

Nationality

noun

Bangladeshi(s)

adjective

Bangladeshi

Tobacco use

male

47.6% (2025 est.)

total

29.7% (2025 est.)

female

12.5% (2025 est.)

Urbanization

urban population

40.5% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization

2.88% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Age structure

0-14 years

25.1% (male 21,540,493/female 20,800,712)

15-64 years

67.1% (male 55,071,592/female 58,180,322)

65 years and over

7.8% (2024 est.) (male 6,096,167/female 7,007,898)

Ethnic groups

Bengali at least 99%, other indigenous ethnic groups 1% (2022 est.)

note: Bangladesh's government recognizes 27 indigenous ethnic groups under the 2010 Cultural Institution for Small Anthropological Groups Act; other sources estimate there are about 75 ethnic groups

Child marriage

women married by age 15

15.5% (2019)

women married by age 18

51.4% (2019)

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio

54.6 (2025 est.)

youth dependency ratio

43.5 (2025 est.)

potential support ratio

9 (2025 est.)

elderly dependency ratio

11.1 (2025 est.)

Physician density

0.72 physicians/1,000 population (2023)

Health expenditure

Health expenditure (as % of GDP)

2.4% of GDP (2021)

Health expenditure (as % of national budget)

1.2% of national budget (2022 est.)

Net migration rate

-4.28 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Hospital bed density

0.9 beds/1,000 population (2019 est.)

Total fertility rate

2.25 children born/woman (2025 est.)

Drinking water source

improved: rural

rural: 98.5% of population (2022 est.)

improved: total

total: 98.4% of population (2022 est.)

improved: urban

urban: 98.3% of population (2022 est.)

unimproved: rural

rural: 1.5% of population (2022 est.)

unimproved: total

total: 1.6% of population (2022 est.)

unimproved: urban

urban: 1.7% of population (2022 est.)

Education expenditure

Education expenditure (% GDP)

2% of GDP (2024 est.)

Education expenditure (% national budget)

11.9% national budget (2025 est.)

Infant mortality rate

male

31.3 deaths/1,000 live births

total

22 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)

female

26.3 deaths/1,000 live births

Population growth rate

0.91% (2025 est.)

Gross reproduction rate

1.1 (2025 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

male

73.1 years

female

77.5 years

total population

75.2 years (2024 est.)

Maternal mortality ratio

115 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Sanitation facility access

improved: rural

rural: 81.4% of population (2022 est.)

improved: total

total: 84.9% of population (2022 est.)

improved: urban

urban: 90.3% of population (2022 est.)

unimproved: rural

rural: 18.6% of population (2022 est.)

unimproved: total

total: 15.1% of population (2022 est.)