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World Factbook

Bhutan

Druk Gyalkhap

Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)

Budget

note

note: central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

revenues

$740.328 million (2020 est.)

expenditures

$802.177 million (2020 est.)

Exports

note

note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

Exports 2022

$791.342 million (2022 est.)

Exports 2023

$867.871 million (2023 est.)

Exports 2024

$944.391 million (2024 est.)

Imports

note

note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

Imports 2022

$1.581 billion (2022 est.)

Imports 2023

$1.77 billion (2023 est.)

Imports 2024

$1.513 billion (2024 est.)

Industries

cement, wood products, processed fruits, alcoholic beverages, calcium carbide, tourism

Labor force

406,500 (2024 est.)

note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

Public debt

note

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Public debt 2020

111% of GDP (2020 est.)

Remittances

note

note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Remittances 2021

2.6% of GDP (2021 est.)

Remittances 2022

3.3% of GDP (2022 est.)

Remittances 2023

3.6% of GDP (2023 est.)

Exchange rates

Currency

ngultrum (BTN) per US dollar -

Exchange rates 2020

74.1 (2020 est.)

Exchange rates 2021

73.918 (2021 est.)

Exchange rates 2022

78.604 (2022 est.)

Exchange rates 2023

82.599 (2023 est.)

Exchange rates 2024

83.669 (2024 est.)

Debt - external

note

note: present value of external debt in current US dollars

Debt - external 2023

$2.827 billion (2023 est.)

Economic overview

hydropower investments spurring economic development; Gross National Happiness economy; sharp poverty declines; low inflation; strong monetary and fiscal policies; stable currency; fairly resilient response to COVID-19; key economic and strategic relations with India; climate vulnerabilities

Unemployment rate

note

note: % of labor force seeking employment

Unemployment rate 2022

6% (2022 est.)

Unemployment rate 2023

3.2% (2023 est.)

Unemployment rate 2024

2.9% (2024 est.)

Exports - partners

India 92%, Italy 4%, Indonesia 1%, China 1%, Singapore 0% (2023)

note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

Imports - partners

India 82%, Singapore 8%, China 5%, Thailand 2%, Indonesia 1% (2023)

note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

Real GDP per capita

note

note: data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP per capita 2021

$13,500 (2021 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2022

$14,100 (2022 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2023

$14,600 (2023 est.)

Real GDP growth rate

note

note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real GDP growth rate 2021

4.4% (2021 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2022

5.2% (2022 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2023

4.9% (2023 est.)

Agricultural products

rice, milk, potatoes, root vegetables, maize, oranges, areca nuts, chillies/peppers, pumpkins/squash, carrots/turnips (2023)

note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Exports - commodities

iron alloys, aircraft, dolomite, semi-finished iron, cement (2023)

note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Imports - commodities

refined petroleum, gold, plastics, broadcasting equipment, iron reductions (2023)

note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Current account balance

note

note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Current account balance 2022

-$805.723 million (2022 est.)

Current account balance 2023

-$963.122 million (2023 est.)

Current account balance 2024

-$669.766 million (2024 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

12.3% (of GDP) (2020 est.)

note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

GDP (official exchange rate)

$3.019 billion (2023 est.)

note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate

GDP - composition, by end use

note

note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

household consumption

59.4% (2023 est.)

government consumption

20.3% (2023 est.)

investment in inventories

0.7% (2023 est.)

investment in fixed capital

44.5% (2023 est.)

exports of goods and services

28.3% (2023 est.)

imports of goods and services

-53.2% (2023 est.)

Population below poverty line

12.4% (2022 est.)

note: % of population with income below national poverty line

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

note

note: annual % change based on consumer prices

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022

5.6% (2022 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023

4.2% (2023 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024

2.8% (2024 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

0% (2023 est.)

note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Real GDP (purchasing power parity)

note

note: data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021

$10.437 billion (2021 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022

$10.981 billion (2022 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023

$11.517 billion (2023 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)

male

11.2% (2024 est.)

note

note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

total

13.8% (2024 est.)

female

16.5% (2024 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

note

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022

$825.755 million (2022 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023

$654.481 million (2023 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024

$941.018 million (2024 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

note

note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

industry

29.6% (2023 est.)

services

52.7% (2023 est.)

agriculture

15% (2023 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

note

note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

lowest 10%

3.6% (2022 est.)

highest 10%

22.7% (2022 est.)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income

note

note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022

28.5 (2022 est.)