World Factbook
Brazil
República Federativa do Brasil
Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)
Literacy
male
94.5% (2024 est.)
female
95.1% (2024 est.)
total population
94.8% (2024 est.)
Languages
Languages
Portuguese (official and most widely spoken language); less common languages include Spanish (border areas and schools), German, Italian, Japanese, English, and many minor Amerindian languages
major-language sample(s)
O Livro de Fatos Mundiais, a fonte indispensável para informação básica. (Brazilian Portuguese) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions
Roman Catholic 56.8%, Evangelical 26.9%, none 9.3%, other 4%, Spirtism (Espírita) 1.8%, unspecified 1.4%, Umbanda and Candomblé 1.1%, Indigenous religions .06%, undeclared 0.2% (2022)
Sex ratio
at birth
1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years
1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years
0.98 male(s)/female
total population
0.97 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
65 years and over
0.75 male(s)/female
Birth rate
13.04 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate
7.07 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Median age
male
34 years
total
35.4 years (2025 est.)
female
36.1 years
Population
male
108,753,532
total
221,359,387 (2025 est.)
female
112,605,855
Nationality
noun
Brazilian(s)
adjective
Brazilian
Tobacco use
male
14.4% (2025 est.)
total
11.2% (2025 est.)
female
8.3% (2025 est.)
Urbanization
urban population
87.8% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization
0.87% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Age structure
0-14 years
19.6% (male 22,025,593/female 21,088,398)
15-64 years
69.5% (male 75,889,089/female 77,118,722)
65 years and over
10.9% (2024 est.) (male 10,251,809/female 13,677,901)
Ethnic groups
mixed 45.3%, White 43.5%, Black 10.2%, Indigenous 0.6%, Asian 0.4% (2022 est.)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio
44.3 (2025 est.)
youth dependency ratio
28.1 (2025 est.)
potential support ratio
6.2 (2025 est.)
elderly dependency ratio
16.2 (2025 est.)
Physician density
2.36 physicians/1,000 population (2023)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
9.9% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
9% of national budget (2022 est.)
Net migration rate
-0.19 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Hospital bed density
2.5 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Total fertility rate
1.73 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Drinking water source
improved: rural
rural: 98% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 99.6% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 99.8% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 2% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 0.4% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 0.2% of population (2022 est.)
Education expenditure
Education expenditure (% GDP)
5.6% of GDP (2022 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget)
12.9% national budget (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate
male
14.6 deaths/1,000 live births
total
12.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
female
11.1 deaths/1,000 live births
Population growth rate
0.58% (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
0.84 (2025 est.)
Population distribution
the vast majority of people live along or near the Atlantic coast in the east; the population core is in the southeast, anchored by the cities of São Paolo, Brasília, and Rio de Janeiro
Life expectancy at birth
male
72.6 years
female
80.1 years
total population
76.3 years (2024 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
67 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Sanitation facility access
improved: rural
rural: 65% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 91% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 94.7% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 35% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 9% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 5.3% of population (2022 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita
beer
3.84 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine
0.24 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
total
6.12 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits
2 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols
0.04 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Major urban areas - population
22.620 million São Paulo, 13.728 million Rio de Janeiro, 6.248 million Belo Horizonte, 4.873 million BRASÍLIA (capital), 4.264 million Recife, 4.212 million Porto Alegre (2023)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
22.1% (2016)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
56.9% (2019 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight
3.5% (2019 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
male
15 years (2022 est.)
total
16 years (2022 est.)
female
17 years (2022 est.)