World Factbook
Brunei
Negara Brunei Darussalam
Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)
Budget
revenues
$1.058 billion (2020 est.)
expenditures
$3.189 billion (2020 est.)
Exports
note
note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports 2022
$14.405 billion (2022 est.)
Exports 2023
$11.573 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2024
$11.483 billion (2024 est.)
Imports
note
note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports 2022
$10.099 billion (2022 est.)
Imports 2023
$9.077 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2024
$9.11 billion (2024 est.)
Industries
petroleum, petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas, construction, agriculture, aquaculture, transportation
Labor force
233,500 (2024 est.)
note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Public debt
note
note: central government debt as a % of GDP
Public debt 2017
2.8% of GDP (2017 est.)
Remittances
note
note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Remittances 2021
0% of GDP (2021 est.)
Remittances 2022
0% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2023
0% of GDP (2023 est.)
Exchange rates
Currency
Bruneian dollars (BND) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2020
1.38 (2020 est.)
Exchange rates 2021
1.344 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2022
1.379 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2023
1.343 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2024
1.336 (2024 est.)
Economic overview
almost exclusively an oil and gas economy; high income country; expansive and robust welfare system; the majority of the population works for the government; promulgating a nationalized halal brand; considering establishment of a bond market and stock exchange
Unemployment rate
note
note: % of labor force seeking employment
Unemployment rate 2022
5.2% (2022 est.)
Unemployment rate 2023
5.2% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate 2024
5.2% (2024 est.)
Exports - partners
Australia 21%, Japan 17%, China 17%, Singapore 16%, Malaysia 6% (2023)
note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Imports - partners
Malaysia 23%, UAE 10%, China 10%, UK 10%, Australia 6% (2023)
note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Real GDP per capita
note
note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP per capita 2022
$76,400 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023
$76,600 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2024
$79,200 (2024 est.)
Real GDP growth rate
note
note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP growth rate 2022
-1.6% (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2023
1.1% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2024
4.2% (2024 est.)
Agricultural products
chicken, eggs, fruits, vegetables, rice, bananas, beans, cucumbers/gherkins, pineapples, beef (2023)
note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Exports - commodities
refined petroleum, natural gas, crude petroleum, hydrocarbons, fertilizers (2023)
note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports - commodities
crude petroleum, gold, refined petroleum, coal, cars (2023)
note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Current account balance
note
note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Current account balance 2022
$3.256 billion (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2023
$1.944 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2024
$2.23 billion (2024 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate)
$15.463 billion (2024 est.)
note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
GDP - composition, by end use
note
note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
household consumption
28.5% (2024 est.)
government consumption
23% (2024 est.)
investment in inventories
0.2% (2024 est.)
investment in fixed capital
28.2% (2024 est.)
exports of goods and services
74.3% (2024 est.)
imports of goods and services
-58.9% (2024 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
note
note: annual % change based on consumer prices
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022
3.7% (2022 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023
0.4% (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024
-0.4% (2024 est.)
Industrial production growth rate
5.7% (2024 est.)
note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
note
note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022
$34.771 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023
$35.163 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024
$36.64 billion (2024 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
male
16.5% (2024 est.)
note
note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
total
18.5% (2024 est.)
female
21.6% (2024 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
note
note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022
$5.035 billion (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023
$4.483 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024
$4.414 billion (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
note
note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
industry
61.7% (2024 est.)
services
38.7% (2024 est.)
agriculture
1.2% (2024 est.)