World Factbook
Brunei
Negara Brunei Darussalam
Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)
Languages
Languages
Malay (Bahasa Melayu) (official), English, Chinese dialects
major-language sample(s)
Buku Fakta Dunia, sumber yang diperlukan untuk maklumat asas. (Malay) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions
Muslim (official) 82.1%, Christian 6.7%, Buddhist 6.3%, other 4.9% (2021 est.)
Sex ratio
at birth
1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years
1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years
0.91 male(s)/female
total population
0.95 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
65 years and over
0.94 male(s)/female
Birth rate
15.58 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate
3.96 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Median age
male
31.4 years
total
32.6 years (2025 est.)
female
33.1 years
Population
male
239,140
total
491,900 (2024 est.)
female
252,760
Nationality
noun
Bruneian(s)
adjective
Bruneian
Tobacco use
male
31.2% (2025 est.)
total
17% (2025 est.)
female
1.9% (2025 est.)
Urbanization
urban population
79.1% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization
1.44% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Age structure
0-14 years
21.7% (male 54,924/female 51,710)
15-64 years
70.8% (male 166,289/female 182,011)
65 years and over
7.5% (2024 est.) (male 17,927/female 19,039)
Ethnic groups
Malay 67.4%, Chinese 9.6%, other 23% (2021 est.)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio
41.2 (2024 est.)
youth dependency ratio
30.6 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio
9.4 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio
10.6 (2024 est.)
Physician density
1.89 physicians/1,000 population (2021)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
2.2% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
6.4% of national budget (2022 est.)
Net migration rate
2.09 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Hospital bed density
3.9 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Total fertility rate
1.73 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Drinking water source
improved: total
total: 99.9% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 0% of population
unimproved: total
total: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 0.4% of population
Education expenditure
Education expenditure (% GDP)
4.4% of GDP (2016 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget)
11.4% national budget (2016 est.)
Infant mortality rate
male
12.2 deaths/1,000 live births
total
9.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
female
7.7 deaths/1,000 live births
Population growth rate
1.37% (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
0.85 (2025 est.)
Population distribution
the vast majority of the population is found along the coast in the western part of Brunei, which is separated from the eastern portion by Malaysia; the largest population concentration is in the far north on the western side of the Brunei Bay, in and around the capital of Bandar Seri Begawan
Life expectancy at birth
male
76.5 years
female
81.3 years
total population
78.9 years (2024 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
36 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Sanitation facility access
improved: total
total: 99.5% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 0.5% of population (2022 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita
beer
0.66 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine
0.04 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
total
0.69 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits
0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols
0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Major urban areas - population
266,682 BANDAR SERI BEGAWAN (capital) (2021)
note: the boundaries of the capital city were expanded in 2007, greatly increasing the city area; the population of the capital increased tenfold
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
14.1% (2016)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
male
13 years (2023 est.)
total
14 years (2023 est.)
female
14 years (2023 est.)