World Factbook
Canada
Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)
Languages
Languages
English (official) 87.1%, French (official) 29.1%, Chinese languages 4.2%, Spanish 3.2%, Punjabi 2.6%, Arabic 2.4%, Tagalog 2.3%, Italian 1.5% (2022 est.)
major-language sample(s)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. (English) The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French)
Religions
Christian 53.3%, Muslim 4.9%, Hindu 2.3%, Sikh 2.1%, Buddhist 1%, Jewish 0.9%, Traditional (North American Indigenous) 0.2%, other religions and traditional spirituality 0.6%, none 34.6% (2021 est.)
Sex ratio
at birth
1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years
1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years
1.01 male(s)/female
total population
0.98 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
65 years and over
0.85 male(s)/female
Birth rate
9.12 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate
7.75 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Median age
male
41.4 years
total
42.8 years (2025 est.)
female
43.8 years
Population
male
19,515,416
total
39,187,155 (2025 est.)
female
19,671,739
Nationality
noun
Canadian(s)
adjective
Canadian
Tobacco use
male
12.3% (2025 est.)
total
10.1% (2025 est.)
female
8% (2025 est.)
Urbanization
urban population
81.9% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization
0.95% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Age structure
0-14 years
15.5% (male 3,098,478/female 2,929,148)
15-64 years
63.4% (male 12,382,422/female 12,227,512)
65 years and over
21% (2024 est.) (male 3,753,829/female 4,403,424)
Ethnic groups
Canadian 15.6%, English 14.7%, Scottish 12.1%, French 11%, Irish 12.1%, German 8.1%, Chinese 4.7%, Italian 4.3%, First Nations 1.7%, Indian 3.7%, Ukrainian 3.5%, Metis 1.5% (2021 est.)
note: percentages add up to more than 100% because respondents were able to identify more than one ethnic origin
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio
57.7 (2025 est.)
youth dependency ratio
23.8 (2025 est.)
potential support ratio
2.9 (2025 est.)
elderly dependency ratio
33.9 (2025 est.)
Physician density
2.82 physicians/1,000 population (2023)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
11.2% of GDP (2022)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
19.5% of national budget (2022 est.)
Net migration rate
5.91 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Hospital bed density
2.6 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)
Total fertility rate
1.43 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Drinking water source
improved: rural
rural: 99.1% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 99.2% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 99.3% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 0.9% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 0.8% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 0.7% of population (2022 est.)
Education expenditure
Education expenditure (% GDP)
4.9% of GDP (2022 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget)
10.7% national budget (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate
male
4.5 deaths/1,000 live births
total
3.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
female
4 deaths/1,000 live births
Population growth rate
0.73% (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
0.7 (2025 est.)
Population distribution
vast majority of the population lives in a discontinuous band within approximately 300 km (186 mi) of the southern border with the United States; the most populated province is Ontario, followed by Quebec and British Columbia
Life expectancy at birth
male
81.9 years
female
86.6 years
total population
84.2 years (2024 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
12 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Sanitation facility access
improved: rural
rural: 98.8% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 98.6% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 98.6% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 1.2% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 1.4% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 1.4% of population (2022 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita
beer
3.5 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine
2 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
total
8 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits
2.1 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols
0.4 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Major urban areas - population
6.372 million Toronto, 4.308 million Montreal, 2.657 million Vancouver, 1.640 million Calgary, 1.544 million Edmonton, 1.437 million OTTAWA (capital) (2023)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
29.4% (2016)
Mother's mean age at first birth
29.4 years (2019 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
51.6% (2021 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
male
15 years (2022 est.)
total
16 years (2022 est.)
female
17 years (2022 est.)