World Factbook

China

Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo

Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)

Budget

revenues

$2.684 trillion (2022 est.) note: central government revenues (excluding grants) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

expenditures

$4.893 trillion (2019 est.)

Exports

note

note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

Exports 2022

$3.719 trillion (2022 est.)

Exports 2023

$3.508 trillion (2023 est.)

Exports 2024

$3.793 trillion (2024 est.)

Imports

note

note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

Imports 2022

$3.142 trillion (2022 est.)

Imports 2023

$3.122 trillion (2023 est.)

Imports 2024

$3.254 trillion (2024 est.)

Industries

world leader in gross value of industrial output; mining and ore processing, iron, steel, aluminum, and other metals, coal; machine building; armaments; textiles and apparel; petroleum; cement; chemicals; fertilizer; consumer products (including footwear, toys, and electronics); food processing; transportation equipment, including automobiles, railcars and locomotives, ships, aircraft; telecommunications equipment, commercial space launch vehicles, satellites

Labor force

773.88 million (2024 est.)

note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

Public debt

note

note: official data; data cover both central and local government debt, including debt officially recognized by China's National Audit Office report in 2011; data exclude policy bank bonds, Ministry of Railway debt, and China Asset Management Company debt

Public debt 2017

47% of GDP (2017 est.)

Remittances

note

note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Remittances 2022

0.1% of GDP (2022 est.)

Remittances 2023

0.2% of GDP (2023 est.)

Remittances 2024

0.2% of GDP (2024 est.)

Exchange rates

Currency

Renminbi yuan (RMB) per US dollar -

Exchange rates 2020

6.901 (2020 est.)

Exchange rates 2021

6.449 (2021 est.)

Exchange rates 2022

6.737 (2022 est.)

Exchange rates 2023

7.084 (2023 est.)

Exchange rates 2024

7.197 (2024 est.)

Debt - external

note

note: present value of external debt in current US dollars

Debt - external 2023

$488.114 billion (2023 est.)

Economic overview

world’s second-largest economy by nominal GDP; global leader in exports and manufacturing; historically strong growth slowing; challenges of aging workforce, weak productivity, rising youth unemployment, struggling property sector, and public debt; state-sponsored economic controls and infrastructure investments

Unemployment rate

note

note: % of labor force seeking employment

Unemployment rate 2022

5% (2022 est.)

Unemployment rate 2023

4.7% (2023 est.)

Unemployment rate 2024

4.6% (2024 est.)

Exports - partners

USA 13%, Hong Kong 8%, Japan 5%, Germany 5%, S. Korea 4% (2023)

note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

Imports - partners

S. Korea 7%, USA 7%, Japan 6%, Australia 6%, Russia 6% (2023)

note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

Real GDP per capita

note

note: data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP per capita 2022

$21,500 (2022 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2023

$22,700 (2023 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2024

$23,800 (2024 est.)

Real GDP growth rate

note

note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real GDP growth rate 2022

3.1% (2022 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2023

5.4% (2023 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2024

5% (2024 est.)

Agricultural products

maize, rice, vegetables, wheat, sugarcane, potatoes, cucumbers/gherkins, tomatoes, watermelons, pork (2023)

note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Exports - commodities

broadcasting equipment, computers, integrated circuits, garments, machine parts (2023)

note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Imports - commodities

crude petroleum, integrated circuits, iron ore, gold, natural gas (2023)

note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Current account balance

note

note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Current account balance 2022

$443.374 billion (2022 est.)

Current account balance 2023

$263.382 billion (2023 est.)

Current account balance 2024

$423.919 billion (2024 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

7.6% (of GDP) (2023 est.)

note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

GDP (official exchange rate)

$18.744 trillion (2024 est.)

note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate

GDP - composition, by end use

note

note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

household consumption

39.6% (2023 est.)

government consumption

17.2% (2023 est.)

investment in inventories

0.6% (2023 est.)

investment in fixed capital

40.5% (2023 est.)

exports of goods and services

19.1% (2023 est.)

imports of goods and services

-17% (2023 est.)

Population below poverty line

0% (2020 est.)

note: % of population with income below national poverty line

Average household expenditures

on food

21.2% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

on alcohol and tobacco

3.2% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

note

note: annual % change based on consumer prices

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022

2% (2022 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023

0.2% (2023 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024

0.2% (2024 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

5.3% (2024 est.)

note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Real GDP (purchasing power parity)

note

note: data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022

$30.361 trillion (2022 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023

$32.005 trillion (2023 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024

$33.598 trillion (2024 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)

male

16.5% (2024 est.)

note

note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

total

15.2% (2024 est.)

female

13.5% (2024 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

note

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022

$3.307 trillion (2022 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023

$3.45 trillion (2023 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024

$3.456 trillion (2024 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

note

note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

industry

36.5% (2024 est.)

services

56.7% (2024 est.)

agriculture

6.8% (2024 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

note

note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

lowest 10%

3.2% (2021 est.)

highest 10%

28.2% (2021 est.)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income

note

note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021

35.7 (2021 est.)