World Factbook
Czechia
Ceska republika
Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)
Area
land
77,247 sq km
water
1,620 sq km
total
78,867 sq km
Climate
temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters
Terrain
Bohemia in the west consists of rolling plains, hills, and plateaus surrounded by low mountains; Moravia in the east consists of very hilly country
Land use
other
16% (2023 est.)
forest
38.2% (2023 est.)
agricultural land
45.8% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 32.7% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 0.5% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 12.5% (2023 est.)
Location
Central Europe, between Germany, Poland, Slovakia, and Austria
Coastline
0 km (landlocked)
Elevation
lowest point
Labe (Elbe) River 115 m
highest point
Snezka 1,602 m
mean elevation
433 m
Irrigated land
220 sq km (2022)
Map references
Europe
Land boundaries
total
2,046 km
border countries
Austria 402 km; Germany 704 km; Poland 699 km; Slovakia 241 km
Maritime claims
none (landlocked)
Natural hazards
flooding
Geography - note
note 1: landlocked; strategically located on some of oldest and most significant land routes in Europe; Moravian Gate is a traditional military corridor between the North European Plain and the Danube in central Europe note 2: the Hranice Abyss in Czechia is the world's deepest surveyed freshwater cave at 519 m (1,703 ft); its survey is not complete, and it may be up to 800-1,200 m (2,625-3,937 ft) deep
Natural resources
hard coal, soft coal, kaolin, clay, graphite, timber, arable land
Area - comparative
about two-thirds the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than South Carolina
Geographic coordinates
49 45 N, 15 30 E
Population distribution
a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, but the northern and eastern regions tend to have larger urban concentrations
Major watersheds (area sq km)
Atlantic Ocean drainage
(Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)
Major rivers (by length in km)
Labe (Elbe) river source (shared with Germany [m]) - 1,252 km note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth