World Factbook
Czechia
Ceska republika
Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)
Languages
note
note: includes only persons with one mother tongue
Languages
Czech (official) 88.4%, Slovak 1.5%, other 2.6%, unspecified 7.2% (2021 est.)
major-language sample(s)
World Factbook, nepostradatelný zdroj základních informací. (Czech) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions
Roman Catholic 7%, other believers belonging to a church or religious society 6% (includes Evangelical United Brethren Church and Czechoslovak Hussite Church), believers unaffiliated with a religious society 9.1%, none 47.8%, unspecified 30.1% (2021 est.)
Sex ratio
at birth
1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years
1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years
1.05 male(s)/female
total population
0.97 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
65 years and over
0.71 male(s)/female
Birth rate
9.56 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate
11.82 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Median age
male
42.7 years
total
44.4 years (2025 est.)
female
45.7 years
Population
male
5,337,128
total
10,838,703 (2025 est.)
female
5,501,575
Nationality
noun
Czech(s)
adjective
Czech
Tobacco use
male
30.8% (2025 est.)
total
26.8% (2025 est.)
female
23% (2025 est.)
Urbanization
urban population
74.6% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization
0.2% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Age structure
0-14 years
15.7% (male 871,303/female 826,896)
15-64 years
63.8% (male 3,542,298/female 3,373,127)
65 years and over
20.5% (2024 est.) (male 922,136/female 1,302,130)
Ethnic groups
Czech 57.3%, Moravian 3.4%, other 7.7%, unspecified 31.6% (2021 est.)
note: includes only persons with one ethnicity
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio
56.5 (2025 est.)
youth dependency ratio
24.3 (2025 est.)
potential support ratio
3.1 (2025 est.)
elderly dependency ratio
32.2 (2025 est.)
Physician density
4.35 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
9.5% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
16.7% of national budget (2022 est.)
Net migration rate
2.02 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Hospital bed density
6.6 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)
Total fertility rate
1.73 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Drinking water source
improved: rural
rural: 99.8% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 99.9% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 99.9% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 0.2% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)
Education expenditure
Education expenditure (% GDP)
4.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget)
10% national budget (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate
male
2.7 deaths/1,000 live births
total
2.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
female
2.4 deaths/1,000 live births
Population growth rate
-0.02% (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
0.84 (2025 est.)
Population distribution
a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, but the northern and eastern regions tend to have larger urban concentrations
Life expectancy at birth
male
75.6 years
female
81.8 years
total population
78.6 years (2024 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
3 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Sanitation facility access
improved: rural
rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita
beer
6.77 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine
2.73 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
total
12.73 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits
3.24 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols
0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Major urban areas - population
1.323 million PRAGUE (capital) (2023)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
26% (2016)
Mother's mean age at first birth
28.5 years (2020 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
53.7% (2021 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
male
16 years (2022 est.)
total
17 years (2022 est.)
female
18 years (2022 est.)