World Factbook
Djibouti
République de Djibouti (French)/ Jumhuriyat Jibuti (Arabic)
Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)
Languages
French (official), Arabic (official), Somali, Afar
Religions
Sunni Muslim 94% (nearly all Djiboutians), other 6% (mainly foreign-born residents - Shia Muslim, Christian, Hindu, Jewish, Baha'i, and atheist)
Sex ratio
at birth
1.03 male(s)/female
0-14 years
1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years
0.77 male(s)/female
total population
0.83 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
65 years and over
0.77 male(s)/female
Birth rate
21.46 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate
7 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Median age
male
24.4 years
total
26.7 years (2025 est.)
female
27.9 years
Population
male
458,988
total
1,013,703 (2025 est.)
female
554,715
Nationality
noun
Djiboutian(s)
adjective
Djiboutian
Urbanization
urban population
78.6% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization
1.56% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Age structure
0-14 years
28.4% (male 141,829/female 140,696)
15-64 years
67.4% (male 290,654/female 379,778)
65 years and over
4.2% (2024 est.) (male 18,313/female 23,704)
Ethnic groups
Somali 60%, Afar 35%, other 5% (mostly Yemeni Arab, also French, Ethiopian, and Italian)
Child marriage
women married by age 15
1.4% (2019)
women married by age 18
6.5% (2019)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio
48.1 (2025 est.)
youth dependency ratio
41.7 (2025 est.)
potential support ratio
15.7 (2025 est.)
elderly dependency ratio
6.4 (2025 est.)
Physician density
0.21 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
2.9% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
5.2% of national budget (2022 est.)
Net migration rate
3.94 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Hospital bed density
1.4 beds/1,000 population (2018 est.)
Total fertility rate
2.09 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Drinking water source
improved: rural
rural: 47.3% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 76.2% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 84.1% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 52.7% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 23.8% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 15.9% of population (2022 est.)
Education expenditure
Education expenditure (% GDP)
3.8% of GDP (2018 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget)
14.5% national budget (2018 est.)
Infant mortality rate
male
52.1 deaths/1,000 live births
total
44.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
female
38 deaths/1,000 live births
Population growth rate
1.84% (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
1.03 (2025 est.)
Population distribution
most densely populated areas are in the east; the largest city is Djibouti, and the other cities in the country are a fraction of its size, as shown in this population distribution map
Life expectancy at birth
male
63.4 years
female
68.5 years
total population
65.9 years (2024 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
162 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Sanitation facility access
improved: rural
rural: 24.2% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 74% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 87.7% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 75.8% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 26% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 12.3% of population (2022 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita
beer
0.05 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine
0.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
total
0.21 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits
0.14 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols
0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Major urban areas - population
600,000 DJIBOUTI (capital) (2023)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
13.5% (2016)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
46.5% (2017 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight
17.7% (2023 est.)