World Factbook
Eesti
Eesti Vabariik
Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)
Area
land
42,388 sq km
note
note: includes 1,520 islands in the Baltic Sea
water
2,840 sq km
total
45,228 sq km
Climate
maritime; wet, moderate winters, cool summers
Terrain
marshy, lowlands; flat in the north, hilly in the south
Land use
other
19.6% (2023 est.)
forest
57.2% (2023 est.)
agricultural land
23.1% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 16.6% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 0.1% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 6.4% (2023 est.)
Location
Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Finland, between Latvia and Russia
Coastline
3,794 km
Elevation
lowest point
Baltic Sea 0 m
highest point
Suur Munamagi 318 m
mean elevation
61 m
Irrigated land
20 sq km (2016)
Map references
Europe
Land boundaries
total
657 km
border countries
Latvia 333 km; Russia 324 km
Maritime claims
territorial sea
12 nm
exclusive economic zone
limits as agreed to by Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Sweden, and Russia
Natural hazards
sometimes flooding occurs in the spring
Geography - note
the mainland terrain is flat, boggy, and partly wooded; over 1,500 islands lie offshore
Natural resources
oil shale, peat, rare earth elements, phosphorite, clay, limestone, sand, dolomite, arable land, sea mud
Area - comparative
about twice the size of New Jersey
Geographic coordinates
59 00 N, 26 00 E
Population distribution
a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations
Major lakes (area sq km)
fresh water lake(s)
Lake Peipus - 4,300 sq km (shared with Russia); Lake Võrtsjärv - 270 sq km