World Factbook
Eesti
Eesti Vabariik
Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)
Languages
Estonian (official) 67.2%, Russian 28.5%, other 3.7%, unspecified 0.6% (2021est.)
Religions
Orthodox 16.5%, Protestant 9.2% (Lutheran 7.7%, other Protestant 1.5%), other 3% (includes Roman Catholic, Muslim, Jehovah's Witness, Pentecostal, Buddhist, and Taara Believer), none 58.4%, unspecified 12.9% (2021 est.)
Sex ratio
at birth
1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years
1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years
1.02 male(s)/female
total population
0.89 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
65 years and over
0.55 male(s)/female
Birth rate
7.86 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate
12.57 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Median age
male
41.9 years
total
42.9 years (2025 est.)
female
48.2 years
Population
male
634,988
total
1,340,478 (2025 est.)
female
705,490
Nationality
noun
Estonian(s)
adjective
Estonian
Tobacco use
male
29.9% (2025 est.)
total
23.7% (2025 est.)
female
18.3% (2025 est.)
Urbanization
urban population
69.8% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization
-0.03% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Age structure
0-14 years
15.2% (male 92,980/female 88,753)
15-64 years
62.2% (male 373,989/female 368,113)
65 years and over
22.6% (2024 est.) (male 96,110/female 173,846)
Ethnic groups
Estonian 69.1%, Russian 23.7%, Ukrainian 2.1%, other 4.6%, unspecified 0.5% (2021 est.)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio
57.5 (2025 est.)
youth dependency ratio
24.8 (2025 est.)
potential support ratio
3.1 (2025 est.)
elderly dependency ratio
32.7 (2025 est.)
Physician density
3.47 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
6.9% of GDP (2022)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
13.2% of national budget (2022 est.)
Net migration rate
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Hospital bed density
4.5 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)
Total fertility rate
1.36 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Drinking water source
improved: rural
rural: 100% of population (2022 est.) NA
improved: total
total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 0% of population (2022 est.) NA
unimproved: total
total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Education expenditure
Education expenditure (% GDP)
5.2% of GDP (2022 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget)
13% national budget (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate
male
3.2 deaths/1,000 live births
total
2 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
female
3.4 deaths/1,000 live births
Population growth rate
-0.47% (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
0.66 (2025 est.)
Population distribution
a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations
Life expectancy at birth
male
73.8 years
female
83.2 years
total population
78.4 years (2024 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
5 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Sanitation facility access
improved: rural
rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 99.8% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 99.7% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 0.2% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 0.3% of population (2022 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita
beer
4 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine
1.92 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
total
11.65 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits
4.6 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols
1.13 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Major urban areas - population
454,000 TALLINN (capital) (2023)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
21.2% (2016)
Mother's mean age at first birth
28.2 years (2020 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
54.1% (2021 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
male
15 years (2023 est.)
total
16 years (2023 est.)
female
16 years (2023 est.)