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Egypt

Jumhuriyat Misr al-Arabiyah

Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)

Budget

note

note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenses converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

revenues

$69.999 billion (2015 est.)

expenditures

$96.057 billion (2015 est.)

Exports

note

note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

Exports 2021

$58.339 billion (2021 est.)

Exports 2022

$76.295 billion (2022 est.)

Exports 2023

$68.218 billion (2023 est.)

Imports

note

note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

Imports 2021

$94.039 billion (2021 est.)

Imports 2022

$97.144 billion (2022 est.)

Imports 2023

$82.265 billion (2023 est.)

Industries

textiles, food processing, tourism, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, hydrocarbons, construction, cement, metals, light manufactures

Labor force

33.749 million (2024 est.)

note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

Public debt

note

note: data cover central government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are sold at public auctions

Public debt 2017

103% of GDP (2017 est.)

Remittances

note

note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Remittances 2021

7.4% of GDP (2021 est.)

Remittances 2022

5.9% of GDP (2022 est.)

Remittances 2023

4.9% of GDP (2023 est.)

Exchange rates

Currency

Egyptian pounds (EGP) per US dollar -

Exchange rates 2020

15.759 (2020 est.)

Exchange rates 2021

15.645 (2021 est.)

Exchange rates 2022

19.16 (2022 est.)

Exchange rates 2023

30.626 (2023 est.)

Exchange rates 2024

45.299 (2024 est.)

Debt - external

note

note: present value of external debt in current US dollars

Debt - external 2023

$117.272 billion (2023 est.)

Economic overview

Africa’s second-largest economy; 2030 Vision to diversify markets and energy infrastructure; improving fiscal, external, and current accounts; underperforming private sector; poor labor force participation; expanded credit access

Unemployment rate

note

note: % of labor force seeking employment

Unemployment rate 2022

7.4% (2022 est.)

Unemployment rate 2023

7.4% (2023 est.)

Unemployment rate 2024

7.2% (2024 est.)

Exports - partners

Saudi Arabia 10%, Turkey 9%, Italy 6%, USA 5%, UAE 5% (2023)

note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

Imports - partners

China 16%, Saudi Arabia 6%, Russia 6%, USA 6%, Germany 5% (2023)

note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

Real GDP per capita

note

note: data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP per capita 2022

$16,400 (2022 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2023

$16,700 (2023 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2024

$16,800 (2024 est.)

Real GDP growth rate

note

note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real GDP growth rate 2022

6.6% (2022 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2023

3.8% (2023 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2024

2.4% (2024 est.)

Agricultural products

sugarcane, sugar beets, wheat, maize, potatoes, tomatoes, rice, milk, onions, oranges (2023)

note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Exports - commodities

refined petroleum, natural gas, fertilizers, garments, crude petroleum (2023)

note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Imports - commodities

refined petroleum, wheat, plastics, natural gas, packaged medicine (2023)

note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Current account balance

note

note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Current account balance 2021

-$18.611 billion (2021 est.)

Current account balance 2022

-$10.537 billion (2022 est.)

Current account balance 2023

-$12.564 billion (2023 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

12.5% (of GDP) (2015 est.)

note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

GDP (official exchange rate)

$389.06 billion (2024 est.)

note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate

GDP - composition, by end use

note

note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

household consumption

87.6% (2024 est.)

government consumption

6.3% (2024 est.)

investment in inventories

1.3% (2024 est.)

investment in fixed capital

11.7% (2024 est.)

exports of goods and services

16.4% (2024 est.)

imports of goods and services

-23.2% (2024 est.)

Population below poverty line

29.7% (2019 est.)

note: % of population with income below national poverty line

Average household expenditures

on food

36.9% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

on alcohol and tobacco

4.6% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

note

note: annual % change based on consumer prices

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022

13.9% (2022 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023

33.9% (2023 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024

28.3% (2024 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

-1.9% (2024 est.)

note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Real GDP (purchasing power parity)

note

note: data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022

$1.842 trillion (2022 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023

$1.912 trillion (2023 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024

$1.958 trillion (2024 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)

male

12.4% (2024 est.)

note

note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

total

18.7% (2024 est.)

female

47.1% (2024 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

note

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022

$32.144 billion (2022 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023

$33.07 billion (2023 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024

$44.921 billion (2024 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

note

note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

industry

32.6% (2024 est.)

services

48.9% (2024 est.)

agriculture

13.7% (2024 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

note

note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

lowest 10%

4.2% (2021 est.)

highest 10%

24.6% (2021 est.)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income

note

note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021

28.5 (2021 est.)