World Factbook
Egypt
Jumhuriyat Misr al-Arabiyah
Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)
Literacy
male
85.3% (2022 est.)
female
73.3% (2022 est.)
total population
79.5% (2022 est.)
Languages
Languages
Arabic (official); English and French widely understood by educated classes
major-language sample(s)
كتاب حقائق العالم، أفضل مصدر للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions
Muslim (predominantly Sunni) 90%, Christian (majority Coptic Orthodox, other Christians include Armenian Apostolic, Catholic, Maronite, Orthodox, and Anglican) 10%
Sex ratio
at birth
1.06 male(s)/female
0-14 years
1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years
1.06 male(s)/female
total population
1.06 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
65 years and over
1.03 male(s)/female
Birth rate
18.63 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate
4.33 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Median age
male
24.3 years
total
24.6 years (2025 est.)
female
24.4 years
Population
male
57,960,635
total
112,870,457 (2025 est.)
female
54,909,822
Nationality
noun
Egyptian(s)
adjective
Egyptian
Tobacco use
male
51% (2025 est.)
total
25.8% (2025 est.)
female
0.3% (2025 est.)
Urbanization
urban population
43.1% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization
1.9% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Age structure
0-14 years
33.8% (male 19,349,395/female 18,243,571)
15-64 years
60.6% (male 34,646,369/female 32,792,151)
65 years and over
5.6% (2024 est.) (male 3,146,720/female 3,069,042)
Ethnic groups
Egyptian 99.7%, other 0.3% (2006 est.)
note: data represent respondents by nationality
Child marriage
women married by age 15
1.8% (2021)
women married by age 18
15.8% (2021)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio
63.7 (2025 est.)
youth dependency ratio
54.2 (2025 est.)
potential support ratio
10.5 (2025 est.)
elderly dependency ratio
9.5 (2025 est.)
Physician density
0.67 physicians/1,000 population (2020)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
4.6% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
7.2% of national budget (2022 est.)
Net migration rate
-0.27 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Hospital bed density
1.1 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)
Total fertility rate
2.53 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Drinking water source
improved: rural
rural: 98.4% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 98.8% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 99.3% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 1.6% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 1.2% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 0.7% of population (2022 est.)
Education expenditure
Education expenditure (% GDP)
3.9% of GDP (2015 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget)
12% national budget (2015 est.)
Infant mortality rate
male
17.8 deaths/1,000 live births
total
16.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
female
15.9 deaths/1,000 live births
Population growth rate
1.4% (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
1.23 (2025 est.)
Population distribution
approximately 95% of the population lives within 20 km (12 mi) of the Nile River and its delta; vast areas of the country remain sparsely populated or uninhabited, as shown in this population distribution map
Life expectancy at birth
male
73.8 years
female
76.2 years
total population
75 years (2024 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
17 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Sanitation facility access
improved: rural
rural: 98.5% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 99.1% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 99.9% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 1.5% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 0.9% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita
beer
0.09 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine
0.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
total
0.14 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits
0.04 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols
0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Major urban areas - population
22.183 million CAIRO (capital), 5.588 million Alexandria, 778,000 Bur Sa'id (2023)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
32% (2016)
Mother's mean age at first birth
22.6 years (2014 est.)
note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
65.6% (2021 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight
3.7% (2021 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
male
13 years (2023 est.)
total
13 years (2023 est.)
female
13 years (2023 est.)