World Factbook
Estonia
Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)
Area
note
rank by area (sq km): 1. France (includes five overseas regions) 643,801 2. Spain 505,370 3. Sweden 450,295 4. Germany 357,022 5. Finland 338,145 6. Poland 312,685 7. Italy 301,340 8. Romania 238,391 9. Greece 131,957 10. Bulgaria 110,879 11. Hungary 93,028 12. Portugal 92,090 13. Austria 83,871 14. Czechia 78,867 15. Ireland 70,273 16. Lithuania 65,300 17. Latvia 64,589 18. Croatia 56,594 19. Slovakia 49,035 20. Estonia 45,228 21. Denmark 43,094 22. Netherlands 41,543 23. Belgium 30,528 24. Slovenia 20,273 25. Cyprus 9,251 26. Luxembourg 2,586 27. Malta 316
total
4,236,351 sq km
Climate
cold temperate; potentially subarctic in the north to temperate; mild wet winters; hot dry summers in the south
Terrain
fairly flat along Baltic and Atlantic coasts; mountainous in the central and southern areas
Location
Europe between the North Atlantic Ocean in the west and Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine to the east
Coastline
53,563.9 km
Elevation
lowest point
Zuidplaspolder, Netherlands -7 m
highest point
Mont Blanc, France 4,810 m
Irrigated land
154,539.82 sq km (2011 est.)
Map references
Europe
Land boundaries
note
note: data for European continent only
total
13,770 km
border countries
Albania 212 km; Andorra 118 km; Belarus 1,176 km; Bosnia and Herzegovina 956 km; Holy See 3 km; Liechtenstein 34 km; North Macedonia 396 km; Moldova 683 km; Monaco 6 km; Montenegro 19 km; Norway 2,375 km; Russia 2,435 km; San Marino 37 km; Serbia 1,353 km; Switzerland 1,729 km; Turkey 415 km; United Kingdom 499 km; Ukraine 1,324 km
Natural hazards
flooding along coasts; avalanches in mountainous area; earthquakes in the south; volcanic eruptions in Italy; periodic droughts in Spain; ice floes in the Baltic Sea region
Natural resources
iron ore, natural gas, petroleum, coal, copper, lead, zinc, bauxite, uranium, potash, salt, hydropower, arable land, timber, fish
Area - comparative
less than one-half the size of the United States
Population distribution
population distribution varies considerably from country to country but tends to follow a pattern of coastal and river settlement, with urban agglomerations forming large hubs; the area in and around the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg (known collectively as Benelux), is the most densely populated area in the EU