World Factbook
Georgia
Republic of Georgia
Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)
Area
land
69,700 sq km
note
note: approximately 12,560 sq km, or about 18% of Georgia's area, is Russian-occupied; the seized area includes all of Abkhazia and the breakaway region of South Ossetia, which consists of the northern part of Shida Kartli, eastern slivers of the Imereti region, Racha-Lechkhumi, Kvemo Svaneti, and part of western Mtskheta-Mtianeti
water
0 sq km
total
69,700 sq km
Climate
warm and pleasant; Mediterranean-like on Black Sea coast
Terrain
largely mountainous with Great Caucasus Mountains in the north and Lesser Caucasus Mountains in the south; Kolkhet'is Dablobi (Kolkhida Lowland) opens to the Black Sea in the west; Mtkvari River Basin in the east; fertile soils in river valley flood plains and foothills of Kolkhida Lowland
Land use
other
21.2% (2023 est.)
forest
44.6% (2023 est.)
agricultural land
34.1% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 4.4% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 1.8% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 27.9% (2023 est.)
Location
Southwestern Asia, bordering the Black Sea, between Turkey and Russia, with a sliver of land north of the Caucasus extending into Europe; note - Georgia views itself as part of Europe; geopolitically, it can be classified as falling within Europe, the Middle East, or both
Coastline
310 km
Elevation
lowest point
Black Sea 0 m
highest point
Mt'a Shkhara 5,193 m
mean elevation
1,432 m
Irrigated land
4,330 sq km (2012)
Map references
Asia
Land boundaries
total
1,814 km
border countries
Armenia 219 km; Azerbaijan 428 km; Russia 894 km; Turkey 273 km
Maritime claims
territorial sea
12 nm
exclusive economic zone
200 nm
Natural hazards
earthquakes
Geography - note
note 1: strategically located east of the Black Sea, Georgia controls much of the Caucasus Mountains and the routes through them note 2: the world's four deepest caves are all in Georgia, including two that are the only known caves on earth deeper than 2,000 m: Krubera Cave at -2,197 m (-7,208 ft; reached in 2012) and Veryovkina Cave at -2,212 (-7,257 ft; reached in 2018)
Natural resources
timber, hydropower, manganese deposits, iron ore, copper, minor coal and oil deposits; coastal climate and soils allow for important tea and citrus growth
Area - comparative
slightly smaller than South Carolina; slightly larger than West Virginia
Geographic coordinates
42 00 N, 43 30 E
Population distribution
settlement concentrated in the central valley, particularly in the capital city of Tbilisi in the east; smaller urban agglomerations dot the Black Sea coast, with Bat'umi being the largest