World Factbook
Germany
Bundesrepublik Deutschland
Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)
Budget
note
note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
revenues
$1.279 trillion (2023 est.)
expenditures
$1.369 trillion (2023 est.)
Exports
note
note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports 2022
$1.917 trillion (2022 est.)
Exports 2023
$1.958 trillion (2023 est.)
Exports 2024
$1.949 trillion (2024 est.)
Imports
note
note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports 2022
$1.808 trillion (2022 est.)
Imports 2023
$1.781 trillion (2023 est.)
Imports 2024
$1.774 trillion (2024 est.)
Industries
iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals, machinery, vehicles, machine tools, electronics, automobiles, food and beverages, shipbuilding, textiles
Labor force
43.772 million (2024 est.)
note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Public debt
note
note: general government gross debt is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); the general government sector comprises the sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government and social security funds; the series are presented as a percentage of GDP and in millions of euros; GDP used as a denominator is the gross domestic product at current market prices; data expressed in national currency are converted into euro using end-of-year exchange rates provided by the European Central Bank
Public debt 2017
63.9% of GDP (2017 est.)
Remittances
note
note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Remittances 2022
0.5% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2023
0.5% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2024
0.5% of GDP (2024 est.)
Exchange rates
Currency
euros (EUR) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2020
0.876 (2020 est.)
Exchange rates 2021
0.845 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2022
0.95 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2023
0.925 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2024
0.924 (2024 est.)
Economic overview
leading export-driven, core EU and eurozone economy; key automotive, chemical, engineering, finance, and green energy industries; growth stalled by energy crisis and declining exports; tight labor market with falling working-age population; fiscal rebalancing with phaseout of energy price supports
Unemployment rate
note
note: % of labor force seeking employment
Unemployment rate 2022
3.2% (2022 est.)
Unemployment rate 2023
3.1% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate 2024
3.5% (2024 est.)
Exports - partners
USA 10%, France 8%, Netherlands 7%, China 7%, Italy 6% (2023)
note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Imports - partners
China 12%, Netherlands 7%, USA 7%, Poland 6%, France 5% (2023)
note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Real GDP per capita
note
note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP per capita 2022
$62,900 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023
$62,700 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2024
$62,800 (2024 est.)
Real GDP growth rate
note
note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP growth rate 2022
1.4% (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2023
-0.3% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2024
-0.2% (2024 est.)
Agricultural products
milk, sugar beets, wheat, potatoes, barley, maize, rapeseed, pork, rye, triticale (2023)
note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Exports - commodities
cars, vehicle parts/accessories, packaged medicine, plastic products, vaccines (2023)
note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports - commodities
cars, vehicle parts/accessories, garments, natural gas, vaccines (2023)
note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Current account balance
note
note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Current account balance 2022
$161.759 billion (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2023
$251.479 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2024
$267.056 billion (2024 est.)
Taxes and other revenues
11% (of GDP) (2022 est.)
note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
GDP (official exchange rate)
$4.66 trillion (2024 est.)
note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
GDP - composition, by end use
note
note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
household consumption
49.9% (2023 est.)
government consumption
21.2% (2023 est.)
investment in inventories
0.2% (2023 est.)
investment in fixed capital
21.5% (2023 est.)
exports of goods and services
43.4% (2023 est.)
imports of goods and services
-39.4% (2023 est.)
Population below poverty line
14.8% (2021 est.)
note: % of population with income below national poverty line
Average household expenditures
on food
11.6% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
on alcohol and tobacco
3.1% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
note
note: annual % change based on consumer prices
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022
6.9% (2022 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023
5.9% (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024
2.3% (2024 est.)
Industrial production growth rate
-3% (2024 est.)
note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
note
note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022
$5.274 trillion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023
$5.26 trillion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024
$5.247 trillion (2024 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
male
7.4% (2024 est.)
note
note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
total
6.7% (2024 est.)
female
5.9% (2024 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
note
note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022
$293.914 billion (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023
$322.7 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024
$377.936 billion (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
note
note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
industry
25.8% (2024 est.)
services
63.9% (2024 est.)
agriculture
0.8% (2024 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share
note
note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
lowest 10%
2.9% (2020 est.)
highest 10%
25% (2020 est.)
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income
note
note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020
32.4 (2020 est.)