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Germany

Bundesrepublik Deutschland

Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)

Budget

note

note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

revenues

$1.279 trillion (2023 est.)

expenditures

$1.369 trillion (2023 est.)

Exports

note

note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

Exports 2022

$1.917 trillion (2022 est.)

Exports 2023

$1.958 trillion (2023 est.)

Exports 2024

$1.949 trillion (2024 est.)

Imports

note

note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

Imports 2022

$1.808 trillion (2022 est.)

Imports 2023

$1.781 trillion (2023 est.)

Imports 2024

$1.774 trillion (2024 est.)

Industries

iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals, machinery, vehicles, machine tools, electronics, automobiles, food and beverages, shipbuilding, textiles

Labor force

43.772 million (2024 est.)

note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

Public debt

note

note: general government gross debt is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); the general government sector comprises the sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government and social security funds; the series are presented as a percentage of GDP and in millions of euros; GDP used as a denominator is the gross domestic product at current market prices; data expressed in national currency are converted into euro using end-of-year exchange rates provided by the European Central Bank

Public debt 2017

63.9% of GDP (2017 est.)

Remittances

note

note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Remittances 2022

0.5% of GDP (2022 est.)

Remittances 2023

0.5% of GDP (2023 est.)

Remittances 2024

0.5% of GDP (2024 est.)

Exchange rates

Currency

euros (EUR) per US dollar -

Exchange rates 2020

0.876 (2020 est.)

Exchange rates 2021

0.845 (2021 est.)

Exchange rates 2022

0.95 (2022 est.)

Exchange rates 2023

0.925 (2023 est.)

Exchange rates 2024

0.924 (2024 est.)

Economic overview

leading export-driven, core EU and eurozone economy; key automotive, chemical, engineering, finance, and green energy industries; growth stalled by energy crisis and declining exports; tight labor market with falling working-age population; fiscal rebalancing with phaseout of energy price supports

Unemployment rate

note

note: % of labor force seeking employment

Unemployment rate 2022

3.2% (2022 est.)

Unemployment rate 2023

3.1% (2023 est.)

Unemployment rate 2024

3.5% (2024 est.)

Exports - partners

USA 10%, France 8%, Netherlands 7%, China 7%, Italy 6% (2023)

note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

Imports - partners

China 12%, Netherlands 7%, USA 7%, Poland 6%, France 5% (2023)

note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

Real GDP per capita

note

note: data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP per capita 2022

$62,900 (2022 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2023

$62,700 (2023 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2024

$62,800 (2024 est.)

Real GDP growth rate

note

note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real GDP growth rate 2022

1.4% (2022 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2023

-0.3% (2023 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2024

-0.2% (2024 est.)

Agricultural products

milk, sugar beets, wheat, potatoes, barley, maize, rapeseed, pork, rye, triticale (2023)

note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Exports - commodities

cars, vehicle parts/accessories, packaged medicine, plastic products, vaccines (2023)

note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Imports - commodities

cars, vehicle parts/accessories, garments, natural gas, vaccines (2023)

note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Current account balance

note

note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Current account balance 2022

$161.759 billion (2022 est.)

Current account balance 2023

$251.479 billion (2023 est.)

Current account balance 2024

$267.056 billion (2024 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

11% (of GDP) (2022 est.)

note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

GDP (official exchange rate)

$4.66 trillion (2024 est.)

note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate

GDP - composition, by end use

note

note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

household consumption

49.9% (2023 est.)

government consumption

21.2% (2023 est.)

investment in inventories

0.2% (2023 est.)

investment in fixed capital

21.5% (2023 est.)

exports of goods and services

43.4% (2023 est.)

imports of goods and services

-39.4% (2023 est.)

Population below poverty line

14.8% (2021 est.)

note: % of population with income below national poverty line

Average household expenditures

on food

11.6% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

on alcohol and tobacco

3.1% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

note

note: annual % change based on consumer prices

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022

6.9% (2022 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023

5.9% (2023 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024

2.3% (2024 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

-3% (2024 est.)

note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Real GDP (purchasing power parity)

note

note: data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022

$5.274 trillion (2022 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023

$5.26 trillion (2023 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024

$5.247 trillion (2024 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)

male

7.4% (2024 est.)

note

note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

total

6.7% (2024 est.)

female

5.9% (2024 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

note

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022

$293.914 billion (2022 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023

$322.7 billion (2023 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024

$377.936 billion (2024 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

note

note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

industry

25.8% (2024 est.)

services

63.9% (2024 est.)

agriculture

0.8% (2024 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

note

note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

lowest 10%

2.9% (2020 est.)

highest 10%

25% (2020 est.)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income

note

note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020

32.4 (2020 est.)