World Factbook
Germany
Bundesrepublik Deutschland
Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)
Languages
Languages
German (official); note - Danish, Frisian, Sorbian, and Romani are official minority languages; Low German, Danish, North Frisian, Sater Frisian, Lower Sorbian, Upper Sorbian, and Romani are recognized as regional languages
major-language sample(s)
Das World Factbook, die unverzichtbare Quelle für grundlegende Informationen. (German) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions
Roman Catholic 24.8%, Protestant 22.6%, Muslim 3.7%, other 5.1%, none 43.8% (2022 est.)
Sex ratio
at birth
1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years
1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years
1.03 male(s)/female
total population
0.98 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
65 years and over
0.81 male(s)/female
Birth rate
8.87 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate
11.96 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Median age
male
45.5 years
total
46.9 years (2025 est.)
female
48.3 years
Population
male
41,517,301
total
84,012,284 (2025 est.)
female
42,494,983
Nationality
noun
German(s)
adjective
German
Tobacco use
male
19.4% (2025 est.)
total
17.2% (2025 est.)
female
15% (2025 est.)
Urbanization
urban population
77.8% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization
0.13% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Age structure
0-14 years
13.8% (male 5,925,800/female 5,688,603)
15-64 years
62.5% (male 26,705,657/female 25,875,865)
65 years and over
23.7% (2024 est.) (male 8,941,245/female 10,981,930)
Ethnic groups
German 85.4%, Turkish 1.8%, Ukrainian 1.4%, Syrian 1.1%, Romanian 1%, Poland 1%, other/stateless/unspecified 8.3% (2022 est.)
note: data represent population by nationality
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio
61.3 (2025 est.)
youth dependency ratio
22.4 (2025 est.)
potential support ratio
2.6 (2025 est.)
elderly dependency ratio
38.9 (2025 est.)
Physician density
4.53 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
12.7% of GDP (2022)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
20.5% of national budget (2022 est.)
Net migration rate
1.79 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Hospital bed density
7.8 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)
Total fertility rate
1.59 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Drinking water source
improved: rural
rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Education expenditure
Education expenditure (% GDP)
5.2% of GDP (2022 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget)
10.7% national budget (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate
male
3.5 deaths/1,000 live births
total
3 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
female
2.7 deaths/1,000 live births
Population growth rate
-0.13% (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
0.77 (2025 est.)
Population distribution
second most populous country in Europe; a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations, particularly in the far-western part of the industrial state of North Rhine-Westphalia
Life expectancy at birth
male
79.6 years
female
84.4 years
total population
81.9 years (2024 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
4 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Sanitation facility access
improved: rural
rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita
beer
5.57 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine
3.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
total
10.56 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits
1.97 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols
0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Major urban areas - population
3.574 million BERLIN (capital), 1.788 million Hamburg, 1.576 million Munich, 1.144 million Cologne, 796,000 Frankfurt (2023)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
22.3% (2016)
Mother's mean age at first birth
29.9 years (2020 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
54.4% (2023 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight
0.6% (2016 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
male
17 years (2023 est.)
total
17 years (2023 est.)
female
17 years (2023 est.)