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Indonesia

Republik Indonesia

Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)

Budget

note

note: central government revenues and expenditures (excluding grants and social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

revenues

$182.658 billion (2023 est.)

expenditures

$204.739 billion (2023 est.)

Exports

note

note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

Exports 2022

$315.746 billion (2022 est.)

Exports 2023

$291.287 billion (2023 est.)

Exports 2024

$300.868 billion (2024 est.)

Imports

note

note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

Imports 2022

$273.031 billion (2022 est.)

Imports 2023

$262.694 billion (2023 est.)

Imports 2024

$279.419 billion (2024 est.)

Industries

petroleum and natural gas, textiles, automotive, electrical appliances, apparel, footwear, mining, cement, medical instruments and appliances, handicrafts, chemical fertilizers, plywood, rubber, processed food, jewelry, and tourism

Labor force

143.144 million (2024 est.)

note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

Public debt

note

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Public debt 2022

45.34% of GDP (2022 est.)

Remittances

note

note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Remittances 2022

1% of GDP (2022 est.)

Remittances 2023

1.1% of GDP (2023 est.)

Remittances 2024

1.1% of GDP (2024 est.)

Exchange rates

Currency

Indonesian rupiah (IDR) per US dollar -

Exchange rates 2020

14,582.203 (2020 est.)

Exchange rates 2021

14,308.144 (2021 est.)

Exchange rates 2022

14,849.854 (2022 est.)

Exchange rates 2023

15,236.885 (2023 est.)

Exchange rates 2024

15,855.448 (2024 est.)

Debt - external

note

note: present value of external debt in current US dollars

Debt - external 2023

$225.273 billion (2023 est.)

Economic overview

upper middle-income, largest and growing Southeast Asian economy; higher lending rates to moderate inflation; ongoing relocation of capital fueling infrastructure projects; major tourism sector prompting green economy goals

Unemployment rate

note

note: % of labor force seeking employment

Unemployment rate 2022

3.5% (2022 est.)

Unemployment rate 2023

3.4% (2023 est.)

Unemployment rate 2024

3.3% (2024 est.)

Exports - partners

China 24%, USA 9%, India 8%, Japan 8%, Singapore 5% (2023)

note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

Imports - partners

China 29%, Singapore 8%, Japan 7%, USA 5%, Malaysia 5% (2023)

note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

Real GDP per capita

note

note: data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP per capita 2022

$13,300 (2022 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2023

$13,900 (2023 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2024

$14,500 (2024 est.)

Real GDP growth rate

note

note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real GDP growth rate 2022

5.3% (2022 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2023

5% (2023 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2024

5% (2024 est.)

Agricultural products

oil palm fruit, rice, sugarcane, maize, coconuts, cassava, bananas, eggs, chicken, mangoes/guavas (2023)

note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Exports - commodities

coal, palm oil, iron alloys, lignite, garments (2023)

note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Imports - commodities

refined petroleum, crude petroleum, plastics, vehicle parts/accessories, integrated circuits (2023)

note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Current account balance

note

note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Current account balance 2022

$13.215 billion (2022 est.)

Current account balance 2023

-$2.042 billion (2023 est.)

Current account balance 2024

-$8.47 billion (2024 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

11.6% (of GDP) (2022 est.)

note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

GDP (official exchange rate)

$1.396 trillion (2024 est.)

note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate

GDP - composition, by end use

note

note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

household consumption

55.4% (2024 est.)

government consumption

7.7% (2024 est.)

investment in inventories

2.3% (2024 est.)

investment in fixed capital

29.1% (2024 est.)

exports of goods and services

22.2% (2024 est.)

imports of goods and services

-20.4% (2024 est.)

Population below poverty line

9% (2024 est.)

note: % of population with income below national poverty line

Average household expenditures

on food

33.5% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

on alcohol and tobacco

7.3% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

note

note: annual % change based on consumer prices

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021

1.6% (2021 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022

4.2% (2022 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023

3.7% (2023 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

5.2% (2024 est.)

note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Real GDP (purchasing power parity)

note

note: data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022

$3.718 trillion (2022 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023

$3.906 trillion (2023 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024

$4.102 trillion (2024 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)

male

13.2% (2024 est.)

note

note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

total

13.1% (2024 est.)

female

13% (2024 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

note

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022

$137.222 billion (2022 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023

$146.359 billion (2023 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024

$155.708 billion (2024 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

note

note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

industry

39.3% (2024 est.)

services

43.8% (2024 est.)

agriculture

12.6% (2024 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

note

note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

lowest 10%

3.5% (2024 est.)

highest 10%

28.8% (2024 est.)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income

note

note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2024

34.9 (2024 est.)