World Factbook
Indonesia
Republik Indonesia
Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)
Flag
description: two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white meaning: red stands for courage and white for purity history: the colors derive from the banner of the Majapahit Empire of the 13th-15th centuries
note: similar to the flags of Monaco, which is shorter, and Poland, which is white (top) and red
Capital
name
Jakarta
note
note: in 2022, the relocation of the country’s capital was approved, from Jakarta to a site on the island of Borneo between Samarinda City and the port city of Balikpapan; Nusantara ("archipelago"), the new capital, was in development as of 2024 and is expected to be completed in 2045
etymology
derives from the Sanscrit name Jayakarta, meaning "victory and prosperity;" Prince FATILLAH conquered and renamed the city, formerly known as Sunda Kelapa, in 1527
time zone note
Indonesia has three time zones
time difference
UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
geographic coordinates
6 10 S, 106 49 E
Suffrage
17 years of age; universal; married persons regardless of age
Citizenship
citizenship by birth
no
citizenship by descent only
at least one parent must be a citizen of Indonesia
dual citizenship recognized
no
residency requirement for naturalization
5 continuous years
Constitution
history
drafted July to August 1945, effective 18 August 1945, abrogated by 1949 and 1950 constitutions; 1945 constitution restored 5 July 1959
amendment process
proposed by the People’s Consultative Assembly, with at least two thirds of its members present; passage requires simple majority vote by the Assembly membership; constitutional articles on the unitary form of the state cannot be amended
Country name
former
Netherlands East Indies (Dutch East Indies), Netherlands New Guinea
etymology
the name is an 18th-century construct of two Greek words, "Indos" (India) and "nesoi" (islands), meaning "Indian islands"
local long form
Republik Indonesia
local short form
Indonesia
conventional long form
Republic of Indonesia
conventional short form
Indonesia
Independence
17 August 1945 (declared independence from the Netherlands)
Legal system
civil law system based on the Roman-Dutch model and influenced by customary law
Government type
presidential republic
Judicial branch
highest court(s)
Supreme Court or Mahkamah Agung (51 judges divided into 8 chambers); Constitutional Court or Mahkamah Konstitusi (consists of 9 judges)
subordinate courts
High Courts of Appeal, district courts, religious courts
judge selection and term of office
Supreme Court judges nominated by Judicial Commission, appointed by president with concurrence of parliament; judges serve until retirement at age 65; Constitutional Court judges - 3 nominated by president, 3 by Supreme Court, and 3 by parliament; judges appointed by the president; judges serve until mandatory retirement at age 70
Executive branch
note
note: the president is both chief of state and head of government
cabinet
Cabinet appointed by the president
chief of state
President PRABOWO Subianto Djojohadikusumo (since 20 October 2024)
election results
2024: PRABOWO Subianto elected president (assumes office 20 October 2024); percent of vote - PRABOWO Subianto (GERINDRA) 58.6%, Anies Rasyid BASWEDAN (Independent) 24.9%, GANJAR Pranowo (PDI-P) 16.5% 2019: Joko WIDODO reelected president; percent of vote - Joko WIDODO (PDI-P) 55.5%, PRABOWO Subianto Djojohadikusumo (GERINDRA) 44.5%
head of government
President PRABOWO Subianto Djojohadikusumo (since 20 October 2024)
most recent election date
14 February 2024
election/appointment process
president and vice president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term)
expected date of next election
2029
National holiday
Independence Day, 17 August (1945)
National color(s)
red, white
National heritage
total World Heritage Sites
10 (6 cultural, 4 natural)
selected World Heritage Site locales
Borobudur Temple Compounds (c); Komodo National Park (n); Prambanan Temple Compounds (c); Ujung Kulon National Park (n); Sangiran Early Man Site (c); Lorentz National Park (n); Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra (n); Cultural Landscape of Bali Province (c); Ombilin Coal Mining Heritage of Sawahlunto (c); Cosmological Axis of Yogyakarta and its Historic Landmarks (c)
Political parties
Democrat Party or PD Functional Groups Party or GOLKAR Great Indonesia Movement Party or GERINDRA Indonesia Democratic Party-Struggle or PDI-P National Awakening Party or PKB National Democratic Party or NasDem National Mandate Party or PAN Prosperous Justice Party or PKS
Legislative branch
term in office
5 years
number of seats
580 (all directly elected)
electoral system
proportional representation
legislature name
House of Representatives (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat)
scope of elections
full renewal
legislative structure
unicameral
most recent election date
2/14/2024
expected date of next election
April 2029
percentage of women in chamber
21.9%
parties elected and seats per party
Indonesian Democratic Party - Struggle (PDI-P) (110); Party of Functional Groups (Golkar) (102); Great Indonesia Movement (Gerindra) (86); National Democratic Party (NasDem) (69); National Awakening Party (PKB) (68); Prosperous Justice Party (PKS) (53); National Mandate Party (PAN) (48); Democratic Party (PD) (44)
National anthem(s)
title
"Indonesia Raya" (Great Indonesia)
history
adopted 1945
lyrics/music
Wage Rudolf SOEPRATMAN
National symbol(s)
garuda (mythical bird)
Administrative divisions
35 provinces ( provinsi-provinsi , singular - provinsi ), 1 autonomous province*, 1 special region** ( daerah istimewa ), and 1 national capital district*** ( daerah khusus ibukota ); Aceh*, Bali, Banten, Bengkulu, Gorontalo, Jakarta***, Jambi, Jawa Barat (West Java), Jawa Tengah (Central Java), Jawa Timur (East Java), Kalimantan Barat (West Kalimantan), Kalimantan Selatan (South Kalimantan), Kalimantan Tengah (Central Kalimantan), Kalimantan Timur (East Kalimantan), Kalimantan Utara (North Kalimantan), Kepulauan Bangka Belitung (Bangka Belitung Islands), Kepulauan Riau (Riau Islands), Lampung, Maluku, Maluku Utara (North Maluku), Nusa Tenggara Barat (West Nusa Tenggara), Nusa Tenggara Timur (East Nusa Tenggara), Papua, Papua Barat (West Papua), Papua Barat Daya (Southwest Papua), Papua Pegunungan (Papua Highlands), Papua Selatan (South Papua), Papua Tengah (Central Papua), Riau, Sulawesi Barat (West Sulawesi), Sulawesi Selatan (South Sulawesi), Sulawesi Tengah (Central Sulawesi), Sulawesi Tenggara (Southeast Sulawesi), Sulawesi Utara (North Sulawesi), Sumatera Barat (West Sumatra), Sumatera Selatan (South Sumatra), Sumatera Utara (North Sumatra), Yogyakarta**
Diplomatic representation in the US
FAX
[1] (202) 775-5236
chancery
2020 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036
telephone
[1] (202) 775-5200
chief of mission
Ambassador INDROYONO Soesilo (since 16 December 2025)
consulate(s) general
Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco
email address and website
washington.kbri@kemlu.go.id Embassy of The Republic of Indonesia, in Washington D.C., The United States of America (kemlu.go.id)
Diplomatic representation from the US
FAX
[62] (21) 385-7189
embassy
Jl. Medan Merdeka Selatan No. 3-5, Jakarta 10110
telephone
[62] (21) 5083-1000
consulate(s)
Medan
mailing address
8200 Jakarta Place, Washington DC 20521-8200
chief of mission
Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Peter M. HAYMOND (since 15 June 2025)
consulate(s) general
Surabaya
email address and website
jakartaacs@state.gov https://id.usembassy.gov/
International organization participation
ADB, APEC, ARF, ASEAN, BIS, CD, CICA (observer), CP, D-8, EAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-11, G-15, G-20, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IORA, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, MSG (associate member), NAM, OECD (enhanced engagement), OIC, OPCW, PIF (partner), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt