World Factbook
Indonesia
Republik Indonesia
Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)
Literacy
male
97.4% (2020 est.)
female
94.6% (2020 est.)
total population
96% (2020 est.)
Languages
Languages
Bahasa Indonesia (official, modified form of Malay), English, Dutch, local dialects (of which the most widely spoken is Javanese); note - more than 700 languages are used in Indonesia
major-language sample(s)
Fakta Dunia, sumber informasi dasar yang sangat diperlukan. (Indonesian) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions
Muslim 87.4%, Protestant 7.5%, Roman Catholic 3.1%, Hindu 1.7%, other 0.8% (includes Buddhist and Confucian) (2022 est.)
Sex ratio
at birth
1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years
1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years
1 male(s)/female
total population
1 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
65 years and over
0.85 male(s)/female
Birth rate
14.55 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate
6.82 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Median age
male
30.8 years
total
31.8 years (2025 est.)
female
32.3 years
Population
male
141,778,977
total
283,587,097 (2025 est.)
female
141,808,120
Nationality
noun
Indonesian(s)
adjective
Indonesian
Tobacco use
male
74.9% (2025 est.)
total
39% (2025 est.)
female
3.1% (2025 est.)
Urbanization
urban population
58.6% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization
1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Age structure
0-14 years
23.8% (male 34,247,218/female 32,701,367)
15-64 years
68.3% (male 96,268,201/female 95,961,293)
65 years and over
8% (2024 est.) (male 10,284,628/female 12,099,758)
Ethnic groups
Javanese 40.1%, Sundanese 15.5%, Malay 3.7%, Batak 3.6%, Madurese 3%, Betawi 2.9%, Minangkabau 2.7%, Buginese 2.7%, Bantenese 2%, Banjarese 1.7%, Balinese 1.7%, Acehnese 1.4%, Dayak 1.4%, Sasak 1.3%, Chinese 1.2%, other 15% (2010 est.)
People - note
Indonesia is the fourth most populous nation in the World after China, India, and the United States; more than half of the Indonesian population - roughly 150 million people or 55% - live on the island of Java (about the size of California) making it the most crowded island on earth
Child marriage
women married by age 15
2% (2017)
women married by age 18
16.3% (2017)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio
46.1 (2025 est.)
youth dependency ratio
34.1 (2025 est.)
potential support ratio
8.3 (2025 est.)
elderly dependency ratio
12 (2025 est.)
Physician density
0.52 physicians/1,000 population (2023)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
3.7% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
8% of national budget (2022 est.)
Net migration rate
-0.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Hospital bed density
1.4 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Total fertility rate
1.93 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Drinking water source
improved: rural
rural: 88.3% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 94.1% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 98.3% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 11.7% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 5.9% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 1.7% of population (2022 est.)
Education expenditure
Education expenditure (% GDP)
1.3% of GDP (2023 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget)
10.6% national budget (2025 est.)
Infant mortality rate
male
21.3 deaths/1,000 live births
total
18.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
female
16.4 deaths/1,000 live births
Population growth rate
0.7% (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
0.94 (2025 est.)
Population distribution
major concentration on the island of Java, which is considered one of the most densely populated places on earth; of the outer islands, Sumatra contains some of the most significant clusters, particularly in the south near the Selat Sunda and along the northeastern coast near Medan; the cities of Makasar (Sulawesi), Banjarmasin (Kalimantan) are also heavily populated
Life expectancy at birth
male
71.3 years
female
76 years
total population
73.6 years (2024 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
140 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Sanitation facility access
improved: rural
rural: 91.1% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 94.7% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 97.4% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 8.9% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 5.3% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 2.6% of population (2022 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita
beer
0.06 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine
0.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
total
0.08 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits
0.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols
0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Major urban areas - population
11.249 million JAKARTA (capital), 3.729 million Bekasi, 3.044 million Surabaya, 3.041 million Depok, 2.674 million Bandung, 2.514 million Tangerang (2023)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
6.9% (2016)
Mother's mean age at first birth
22.4 years (2017 est.)
note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
70.3% (2022 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight
15.9% (2023 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
male
13 years (2023 est.)
total
13 years (2023 est.)
female
13 years (2023 est.)