World Factbook
Italy
Repubblica Italiana
Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)
Literacy
male
99.5% (2019 est.)
female
99.2% (2019 est.)
total population
99.3% (2019 est.)
Languages
Languages
Italian (official), German (parts of Trentino-Alto Adige region are predominantly German-speaking), French (small French-speaking minority in Valle d'Aosta region), Slovene (Slovene-speaking minority in the Trieste-Gorizia area), Croatian (in Molise)
major-language sample(s)
L'Almanacco dei fatti del mondo, l'indispensabile fonte per le informazioni di base. (Italian) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions
Christian 80.8% (overwhelmingly Roman Catholic with very small groups of Jehovah's Witnesses and Protestants), Muslim 4.9%, unaffiliated 13.4%, other 0.9% (2020 est.)
Sex ratio
at birth
1.06 male(s)/female
0-14 years
1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years
0.97 male(s)/female
total population
0.93 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
65 years and over
0.79 male(s)/female
Birth rate
7.13 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate
11.2 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Median age
male
47.4 years
total
48.8 years (2025 est.)
female
49.4 years
Population
male
29,383,949
total
60,924,851 (2025 est.)
female
31,540,902
Nationality
noun
Italian(s)
adjective
Italian
Tobacco use
male
23.2% (2025 est.)
total
19.8% (2025 est.)
female
16.6% (2025 est.)
Urbanization
urban population
72% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization
0.27% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Age structure
0-14 years
11.9% (male 3,699,167/female 3,531,734)
15-64 years
64.5% (male 19,378,160/female 19,958,137)
65 years and over
23.6% (2024 est.) (male 6,336,738/female 8,060,995)
Ethnic groups
Italian (includes small clusters of German-, French-, and Slovene-Italians in the north, Albanian-Italians, Croat-Italians, and Greek-Italians in the south)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio
55.3 (2025 est.)
youth dependency ratio
18.1 (2025 est.)
potential support ratio
2.7 (2025 est.)
elderly dependency ratio
37.2 (2025 est.)
Physician density
4.19 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
9% of GDP (2022)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
11.8% of national budget (2022 est.)
Net migration rate
3.55 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Hospital bed density
3.2 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)
Total fertility rate
1.27 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Drinking water source
improved: total
total: 99.9% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)
Education expenditure
Education expenditure (% GDP)
4.1% of GDP (2022 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget)
7.4% national budget (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate
male
3.2 deaths/1,000 live births
total
3 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
female
2.9 deaths/1,000 live births
Population growth rate
-0.05% (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
0.62 (2025 est.)
Population distribution
a fairly even population distribution exists throughout most of the country, with coastal areas, the Po River Valley, and urban centers (particularly Milan, Rome, and Naples) attracting larger and denser populations
Life expectancy at birth
male
80.7 years
female
85.5 years
total population
83 years (2024 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
6 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Sanitation facility access
improved: rural
rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita
beer
1.99 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine
4.83 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
total
7.65 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits
0.83 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols
0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Major urban areas - population
4.316 million ROME (capital), 3.155 million Milan, 2.179 million Naples, 1.802 million Turin, 913,000 Bergamo, 850,000 Palermo (2023)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
19.9% (2016)
Mother's mean age at first birth
31.4 years (2020 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
51.8% (2023 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
male
16 years (2023 est.)
total
17 years (2023 est.)
female
17 years (2023 est.)