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World Factbook

Japan

Nihon-koku/Nippon-koku

Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)

Budget

note

note: central government revenues and expenditures (excluding grants and social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

revenues

$661.986 billion (2022 est.)

expenditures

$897.03 billion (2022 est.)

Exports

note

note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

Exports 2022

$922.813 billion (2022 est.)

Exports 2023

$923.488 billion (2023 est.)

Exports 2024

$922.447 billion (2024 est.)

Imports

note

note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

Imports 2022

$1.081 trillion (2022 est.)

Imports 2023

$996.364 billion (2023 est.)

Imports 2024

$965.047 billion (2024 est.)

Industries

motor vehicles, electronic equipment, machine tools, steel and nonferrous metals, ships, chemicals, textiles, processed foods

Labor force

69.382 million (2024 est.)

note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

Public debt

note

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Public debt 2022

215.9% of GDP (2022 est.)

Remittances

note

note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Remittances 2022

0.1% of GDP (2022 est.)

Remittances 2023

0.1% of GDP (2023 est.)

Remittances 2024

0.1% of GDP (2024 est.)

Exchange rates

Currency

yen (JPY) per US dollar -

Exchange rates 2020

106.775 (2020 est.)

Exchange rates 2021

109.754 (2021 est.)

Exchange rates 2022

131.498 (2022 est.)

Exchange rates 2023

140.491 (2023 est.)

Exchange rates 2024

151.366 (2024 est.)

Economic overview

second-largest East Asian economy; trade-oriented and highly diversified; high public debt levels; following years of near-zero interest rates, gradual increases to address inflation and depreciation of yen; strong rebound in tourism; aging population poses challenges to labor force participation

Unemployment rate

note

note: % of labor force seeking employment

Unemployment rate 2022

2.6% (2022 est.)

Unemployment rate 2023

2.6% (2023 est.)

Unemployment rate 2024

2.6% (2024 est.)

Exports - partners

USA 19%, China 18%, Taiwan 6%, S. Korea 6%, Hong Kong 4% (2023)

note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

Imports - partners

China 22%, USA 11%, Australia 8%, UAE 5%, Saudi Arabia 5% (2023)

note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

Real GDP per capita

note

note: data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP per capita 2022

$45,000 (2022 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2023

$45,900 (2023 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2024

$46,100 (2024 est.)

Real GDP growth rate

note

note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real GDP growth rate 2022

0.9% (2022 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2023

1.5% (2023 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2024

0.1% (2024 est.)

Agricultural products

rice, milk, sugar beets, vegetables, eggs, chicken, potatoes, onions, cabbages, pork (2023)

note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Exports - commodities

cars, integrated circuits, machinery, vehicle parts/accessories, construction vehicles (2023)

note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Imports - commodities

crude petroleum, natural gas, coal, integrated circuits, broadcasting equipment (2023)

note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Current account balance

note

note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Current account balance 2022

$90.21 billion (2022 est.)

Current account balance 2023

$156.592 billion (2023 est.)

Current account balance 2024

$194.257 billion (2024 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$4.026 trillion (2024 est.)

note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate

GDP - composition, by end use

note

note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

household consumption

55.5% (2022 est.)

government consumption

21.6% (2022 est.)

investment in inventories

0.5% (2022 est.)

investment in fixed capital

26.3% (2022 est.)

exports of goods and services

21.5% (2022 est.)

imports of goods and services

-25.3% (2022 est.)

Average household expenditures

on food

15.8% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

on alcohol and tobacco

2.5% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

note

note: annual % change based on consumer prices

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022

2.5% (2022 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023

3.3% (2023 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024

2.7% (2024 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

1.4% (2023 est.)

note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Real GDP (purchasing power parity)

note

note: data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022

$5.627 trillion (2022 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023

$5.71 trillion (2023 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024

$5.715 trillion (2024 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)

male

4.2% (2024 est.)

note

note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

total

3.9% (2024 est.)

female

3.7% (2024 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

note

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022

$1.228 trillion (2022 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023

$1.295 trillion (2023 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024

$1.231 trillion (2024 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

note

note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

industry

28.6% (2023 est.)

services

69.8% (2023 est.)

agriculture

0.9% (2023 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

note

note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

lowest 10%

2.4% (2020 est.)

highest 10%

23.9% (2020 est.)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income

note

note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020

32.3 (2020 est.)