World Factbook
Luxembourg
Grand Duché de Luxembourg
Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)
Flag
description: three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and light blue history: the colors are derived from the Grand Duke's coat of arms
note: similar to the flag of the Netherlands, which is shorter and uses a darker blue
Capital
name
Luxembourg
etymology
probably derived from an early Celtic or Germanic form of the name, Lucilinburhuc, that was thought to mean "little fortress;" the name first referred to the city and was later used for the country
time difference
UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time
+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
geographic coordinates
49 36 N, 6 07 E
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Citizenship
citizenship by birth
limited to situations where the parents are either unknown, stateless, or when the nationality law of the parents' state of origin does not permit acquisition of citizenship by descent when the birth occurs outside of national territory
citizenship by descent only
at least one parent must be a citizen of Luxembourg
dual citizenship recognized
yes
residency requirement for naturalization
7 years
Constitution
history
previous 1842 (heavily amended 1848, 1856); latest effective 17 October 1868
amendment process
proposed by the Chamber of Deputies or by the monarch to the Chamber; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Chamber in two successive readings three months apart; a referendum can be substituted for the second reading if approved by more than a quarter of the Chamber members or by 25,000 valid voters; adoption by referendum requires a majority of all valid voters
Country name
etymology
probably derived from an early Celtic or Germanic form of the name, Lucilinburhuc, that was thought to mean "little fortress;" the name first referred to the city and was later used for the country
local long form
Grand Duché de Luxembourg
local short form
Luxembourg
conventional long form
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
conventional short form
Luxembourg
Independence
1839 (from the Netherlands)
Legal system
civil law system
Government type
constitutional monarchy
Judicial branch
highest court(s)
Supreme Court of Justice includes Court of Appeal and Court of Cassation (consists of 27 judges on 9 benches); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members)
subordinate courts
Court of Accounts; district and local tribunals and courts
judge selection and term of office
judges of both courts appointed by the monarch for life
Executive branch
cabinet
Council of Ministers recommended by the prime minister, appointed by the monarch
chief of state
Grand Duke GUILLAUME (since 3 October 2025)
head of government
Prime Minister Luc FRIEDEN (since 17 November 2023)
election/appointment process
the monarchy is hereditary; following elections to the Chamber of Deputies, monarch usually appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister; deputy prime minister also appointed by the monarch; prime minister and deputy prime minister are responsible to the Chamber of Deputies
National holiday
National Day (birthday of Grand Duke HENRI), 23 June
note: this is not the true date of birth for any of the Royals, but the national festivities were shifted in 1962 to allow observance during a more favorable time of year
National color(s)
red, white, light blue
National heritage
total World Heritage Sites
1 (cultural)
selected World Heritage Site locales
Luxembourg City Old Quarters and Fortifications
Political parties
Alternative Democratic Reform Party or ADR Christian Social People's Party or CSV Democratic Party or DP Green Party Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party or LSAP Pirate Party The Left (dei Lenk/la Gauche)
Legislative branch
note
note: a 21-member Council of State is appointed by the Grand Duke on the advice of the prime minister and serves as an advisory body to the Chamber of Deputies
term in office
5 years
number of seats
60 (all directly elected)
electoral system
proportional representation
legislature name
Chamber of Deputies (Chambre des députés)
scope of elections
full renewal
legislative structure
unicameral
most recent election date
10/8/2023
expected date of next election
October 2028
percentage of women in chamber
35%
parties elected and seats per party
Christian Social People's Party (CSV) (21); Democratic Party (PD/DP) (14); Socialist Workers' Party (POSL/LSAP) (11); Alternative Democratic Reform Party (ADR) (5); Greens (DEI GRÉNG) (4); Pirate Party (PIRATEN) (3); Other (2)
National anthem(s)
title
“De Wilhelmus” (The William)
history
adopted 1919; royal anthem, for use when members of the grand ducal family enter or exit a ceremony in Luxembourg
lyrics/music
Nikolaus WELTER
National symbol(s)
red rampant lion
Administrative divisions
12 cantons; Capellen, Clervaux, Diekirch, Echternach, Esch-sur-Alzette, Grevenmacher, Luxembourg, Mersch, Redange, Remich, Vianden, Wiltz
Diplomatic representation in the US
FAX
[1] (202) 328-8270
chancery
2200 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone
[1] (202) 265-4171
chief of mission
Ambassador Nicole BINTNER-BAKSHIAN (since 15 August 2021)
consulate(s) general
New York, San Francisco
email address and website
washington.amb@mae.etat.lu https://washington.mae.lu/en.html
Diplomatic representation from the US
FAX
[352] 46-14-01
embassy
22 Boulevard Emmanuel Servais, L-2535 Luxembourg City
telephone
[352] 46-01-23-00
mailing address
5380 Luxembourg Place, Washington DC 20521-5380
chief of mission
Ambassador Stacey FEINBERG (since 13 November 2025)
email address and website
Luxembourgconsular@state.gov https://lu.usembassy.gov/
International organization participation
ADB (nonregional member), Australia Group, Benelux, BIS, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNOOSA, UNRWA, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
International law organization participation
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction