World Factbook

Mali

République de Mali

Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)

Budget

note

note: central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

revenues

$2.841 billion (2020 est.)

expenditures

$3.563 billion (2020 est.)

Exports

note

note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

Exports 2021

$5.381 billion (2021 est.)

Exports 2022

$5.855 billion (2022 est.)

Exports 2023

$6.13 billion (2023 est.)

Imports

note

note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

Imports 2021

$7.596 billion (2021 est.)

Imports 2022

$7.942 billion (2022 est.)

Imports 2023

$8.066 billion (2023 est.)

Industries

food processing; construction; phosphate and gold mining

Labor force

9.126 million (2024 est.)

note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

Public debt

Public debt 2016

36% of GDP (2016 est.)

Remittances

note

note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Remittances 2021

4.9% of GDP (2021 est.)

Remittances 2022

4.9% of GDP (2022 est.)

Remittances 2023

4.2% of GDP (2023 est.)

Exchange rates

Currency

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -

Exchange rates 2020

575.586 (2020 est.)

Exchange rates 2021

554.531 (2021 est.)

Exchange rates 2022

623.76 (2022 est.)

Exchange rates 2023

606.57 (2023 est.)

Exchange rates 2024

606.345 (2024 est.)

Debt - external

note

note: present value of external debt in current US dollars

Debt - external 2023

$4.085 billion (2023 est.)

Economic overview

low-income Saharan economy; recession due to COVID-19 and political instability; extreme poverty; environmentally fragile; high public debt; agricultural and gold exporter; terrorism and warfare are common

Unemployment rate

note

note: % of labor force seeking employment

Unemployment rate 2022

2.4% (2022 est.)

Unemployment rate 2023

3% (2023 est.)

Unemployment rate 2024

3.1% (2024 est.)

Exports - partners

UAE 73%, Switzerland 15%, Australia 5%, China 1%, Uganda 1% (2023)

note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

Imports - partners

Cote d'Ivoire 25%, Senegal 19%, China 12%, France 5%, Burkina Faso 4% (2023)

note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

Real GDP per capita

note

note: data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP per capita 2022

$2,800 (2022 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2023

$2,900 (2023 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2024

$2,900 (2024 est.)

Real GDP growth rate

note

note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real GDP growth rate 2022

3.5% (2022 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2023

4.7% (2023 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2024

5% (2024 est.)

Agricultural products

maize, rice, millet, sorghum, onions, okra, sugarcane, cotton, mangoes/guavas, sweet potatoes (2023)

note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Exports - commodities

gold, cotton, oil seeds, fertilizers, gum resins (2023)

note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Imports - commodities

refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment, cement, cotton fabric, plastic products (2023)

note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Current account balance

note

note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Current account balance 2021

-$1.469 billion (2021 est.)

Current account balance 2022

-$1.475 billion (2022 est.)

Current account balance 2023

-$1.61 billion (2023 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

12% (of GDP) (2020 est.)

note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

GDP (official exchange rate)

$26.588 billion (2024 est.)

note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate

GDP - composition, by end use

note

note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

household consumption

71.9% (2024 est.)

government consumption

13.1% (2024 est.)

investment in inventories

-0.7% (2024 est.)

investment in fixed capital

21.6% (2024 est.)

exports of goods and services

22.5% (2024 est.)

imports of goods and services

-28.4% (2024 est.)

Population below poverty line

44.6% (2021 est.)

note: % of population with income below national poverty line

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

note

note: annual % change based on consumer prices

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022

9.6% (2022 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023

2.1% (2023 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024

3.2% (2024 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

-2.4% (2024 est.)

note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Real GDP (purchasing power parity)

note

note: data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022

$64.8 billion (2022 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023

$67.857 billion (2023 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024

$71.253 billion (2024 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)

male

4% (2024 est.)

note

note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

total

4% (2024 est.)

female

3.9% (2024 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

note

note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

industry

22.7% (2024 est.)

services

36.7% (2024 est.)

agriculture

33.4% (2024 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

note

note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

lowest 10%

3.2% (2021 est.)

highest 10%

28.3% (2021 est.)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income

note

note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021

35.7 (2021 est.)