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Moldova

Republica Moldova

Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)

Budget

note

note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

revenues

$5.197 billion (2023 est.)

expenditures

$6.037 billion (2023 est.)

Exports

note

note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

Exports 2022

$5.981 billion (2022 est.)

Exports 2023

$5.866 billion (2023 est.)

Exports 2024

$5.717 billion (2024 est.)

Imports

note

note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

Imports 2022

$10.265 billion (2022 est.)

Imports 2023

$9.84 billion (2023 est.)

Imports 2024

$10.418 billion (2024 est.)

Industries

sugar processing, vegetable oil, food processing, agricultural machinery; foundry equipment, refrigerators and freezers, washing machines; hosiery, shoes, textiles

Labor force

1.358 million (2024 est.)

note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

Public debt

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note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Public debt 2023

34.3% of GDP (2023 est.)

Remittances

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note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Remittances 2022

14% of GDP (2022 est.)

Remittances 2023

12% of GDP (2023 est.)

Remittances 2024

10.5% of GDP (2024 est.)

Exchange rates

Currency

Moldovan lei (MDL) per US dollar -

Exchange rates 2020

17.322 (2020 est.)

Exchange rates 2021

17.68 (2021 est.)

Exchange rates 2022

18.897 (2022 est.)

Exchange rates 2023

18.164 (2023 est.)

Exchange rates 2024

17.792 (2024 est.)

Debt - external

note

note: present value of external debt in current US dollars

Debt - external 2023

$2.637 billion (2023 est.)

Economic overview

upper middle-income Eastern European economy; sustained growth reversed by COVID-19; significant remittances; Russian energy and regional dependence; agricultural exporter; declining workforce due to emigration and low fertility

Unemployment rate

note

note: % of labor force seeking employment

Unemployment rate 2022

0.9% (2022 est.)

Unemployment rate 2023

1.6% (2023 est.)

Unemployment rate 2024

1.5% (2024 est.)

Exports - partners

Romania 31%, Ukraine 13%, Italy 6%, Germany 6%, Czechia 4% (2023)

note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

Imports - partners

Romania 16%, Ukraine 13%, China 11%, Turkey 8%, Germany 7% (2023)

note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

Real GDP per capita

note

note: data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP per capita 2022

$15,400 (2022 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2023

$16,000 (2023 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2024

$16,500 (2024 est.)

Real GDP growth rate

note

note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real GDP growth rate 2022

-4.6% (2022 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2023

1.2% (2023 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2024

0.1% (2024 est.)

Agricultural products

wheat, maize, sunflower seeds, grapes, apples, sugar beets, barley, milk, rapeseed, potatoes (2023)

note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Exports - commodities

insulated wire, garments, refined petroleum, seed oils, wheat (2023)

note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Imports - commodities

refined petroleum, natural gas, cars, packaged medicine, plastic products (2023)

note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Current account balance

note

note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Current account balance 2022

-$2.482 billion (2022 est.)

Current account balance 2023

-$1.893 billion (2023 est.)

Current account balance 2024

-$2.917 billion (2024 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

18.6% (of GDP) (2023 est.)

note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

GDP (official exchange rate)

$18.2 billion (2024 est.)

note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate

GDP - composition, by end use

note

note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

household consumption

86.8% (2024 est.)

government consumption

17.9% (2024 est.)

investment in inventories

1.1% (2024 est.)

investment in fixed capital

20% (2024 est.)

exports of goods and services

31.4% (2024 est.)

imports of goods and services

-57.3% (2024 est.)

Population below poverty line

31.1% (2022 est.)

note: % of population with income below national poverty line

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

note

note: annual % change based on consumer prices

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022

28.7% (2022 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023

13.4% (2023 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024

4.7% (2024 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

3.3% (2024 est.)

note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Real GDP (purchasing power parity)

note

note: data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022

$38.835 billion (2022 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023

$39.301 billion (2023 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024

$39.342 billion (2024 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)

male

3.4% (2024 est.)

note

note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

total

3.3% (2024 est.)

female

3.3% (2024 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

note

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022

$4.474 billion (2022 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023

$5.453 billion (2023 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024

$5.484 billion (2024 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

note

note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

industry

16.8% (2024 est.)

services

62.3% (2024 est.)

agriculture

7.1% (2024 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

note

note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

lowest 10%

4.5% (2022 est.)

highest 10%

22.5% (2022 est.)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income

note

note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022

25.9 (2022 est.)