World Factbook
Montenegro
Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)
Literacy
male
99.2% (2018 est.)
female
97.9% (2018 est.)
total population
98.5% (2018 est.)
Languages
Languages
Serbian 42.9%, Montenegrin (official) 37%, Bosnian 5.3%, Albanian 5.3%, Serbo-Croat 2%, other 3.5%, unspecified 4% (2011 est.)
major-language sample(s)
Knjiga svetskih činjenica, neophodan izvor osnovnih informacija. (Serbian) Knjiga svjetskih činjenica, neophodan izvor osnovnih informacija. (Montenegrin/Bosnian) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions
Orthodox 72.1%, Muslim 19.1%, Catholic 3.4%, atheist 1.2%, other 1.5%, unspecified 2.6% (2011 est.)
Sex ratio
at birth
1.04 male(s)/female
0-14 years
1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years
1 male(s)/female
total population
0.96 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
65 years and over
0.78 male(s)/female
Birth rate
10.77 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate
10.29 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Median age
male
39.5 years
total
41.5 years (2025 est.)
female
42.5 years
Population
male
294,482
total
599,849 (2024 est.)
female
305,367
Nationality
noun
Montenegrin(s)
adjective
Montenegrin
Tobacco use
male
29.9% (2025 est.)
total
31.6% (2025 est.)
female
33.1% (2025 est.)
Urbanization
urban population
68.5% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization
0.45% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Age structure
0-14 years
17.7% (male 54,608/female 51,594)
15-64 years
64.4% (male 192,631/female 193,515)
65 years and over
17.9% (2024 est.) (male 47,243/female 60,258)
Ethnic groups
Montenegrin 45%, Serbian 28.7%, Bosniak 8.7%, Albanian 4.9%, Muslim 3.3%, Romani 1%, Croat 1%, other 2.6%, unspecified 4.9% (2011 est.)
Child marriage
men married by age 18
3.2% (2018)
women married by age 15
1.9% (2018)
women married by age 18
5.8% (2018)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio
55.3 (2024 est.)
youth dependency ratio
27.5 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio
3.6 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio
27.8 (2024 est.)
Physician density
2.78 physicians/1,000 population (2023)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
10.6% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
16.3% of national budget (2022 est.)
Net migration rate
-5.03 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Hospital bed density
3.8 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)
Total fertility rate
1.8 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Drinking water source
improved: rural
rural: 98.2% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 98.9% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 99.2% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 1.8% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 1.1% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 0.8% of population (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate
male
2.7 deaths/1,000 live births
total
3.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
female
3.7 deaths/1,000 live births
Population growth rate
-0.46% (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
0.88 (2025 est.)
Population distribution
highest population density is concentrated in the south and southwest; the extreme eastern border is the least populated area
Life expectancy at birth
male
75.8 years
female
80.7 years
total population
78.2 years (2024 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
6 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Sanitation facility access
improved: rural
rural: 93.9% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 98.1% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 6.1% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 1.9% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita
beer
3.83 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine
2.68 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
total
9.91 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits
3.22 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols
0.16 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Major urban areas - population
177,000 PODGORICA (capital) (2018)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
23.3% (2016)
Mother's mean age at first birth
26.3 years (2010 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
57.6% (2018 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight
3.7% (2018 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
male
15 years (2023 est.)
total
16 years (2023 est.)
female
16 years (2023 est.)