World Factbook
Mozambique
Republica de Mocambique
Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)
Budget
note
note: central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
revenues
$6.243 billion (2024 est.)
expenditures
$7.223 billion (2024 est.)
Exports
note
note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports 2022
$9.409 billion (2022 est.)
Exports 2023
$9.405 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2024
$9.358 billion (2024 est.)
Imports
note
note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports 2022
$15.932 billion (2022 est.)
Imports 2023
$11.18 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2024
$10.488 billion (2024 est.)
Industries
aluminum, petroleum products, chemicals (fertilizer, soap, paints), textiles, cement, glass, asbestos, tobacco, food, beverages
Labor force
15.173 million (2024 est.)
note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Public debt
note
note: central government debt as a % of GDP
Public debt 2022
76.6% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances
note
note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Remittances 2022
0.9% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2023
1.2% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2024
1.2% of GDP (2024 est.)
Exchange rates
Currency
meticais (MZM) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2020
69.465 (2020 est.)
Exchange rates 2021
65.465 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2022
63.851 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2023
63.886 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2024
63.905 (2024 est.)
Debt - external
note
note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Debt - external 2023
$8.274 billion (2023 est.)
Economic overview
low-income East African economy; subsistence farming dominates labor force; return to growth led by agriculture and extractive industries; Islamist insurgency threatens natural gas projects in north; ongoing foreign debt restructuring and resolution under IMF Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative
Unemployment rate
note
note: % of labor force seeking employment
Unemployment rate 2022
3.6% (2022 est.)
Unemployment rate 2023
3.6% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate 2024
3.6% (2024 est.)
Exports - partners
India 18%, China 13%, South Africa 9%, UAE 6%, Thailand 4% (2023)
note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Imports - partners
South Africa 34%, China 14%, India 13%, UAE 6%, Singapore 3% (2023)
note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Real GDP per capita
note
note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP per capita 2022
$1,500 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023
$1,500 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2024
$1,500 (2024 est.)
Real GDP growth rate
note
note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP growth rate 2022
4.4% (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2023
5.4% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2024
1.9% (2024 est.)
Agricultural products
cassava, maize, sugarcane, tomatoes, beans, potatoes, sweet potatoes, bananas, coconuts, onions (2023)
note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Exports - commodities
coal, natural gas, aluminum, gold, precious stones (2023)
note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports - commodities
refined petroleum, chromium ore, iron alloys, iron ore, palm oil (2023)
note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Current account balance
note
note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Current account balance 2022
-$6.367 billion (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2023
-$2.207 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2024
-$2.498 billion (2024 est.)
Taxes and other revenues
22.7% (of GDP) (2022 est.)
note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
GDP (official exchange rate)
$22.417 billion (2024 est.)
note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
GDP - composition, by end use
note
note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
household consumption
69% (2024 est.)
government consumption
17.1% (2024 est.)
investment in inventories
0% (2024 est.)
investment in fixed capital
24.1% (2024 est.)
exports of goods and services
42.7% (2024 est.)
imports of goods and services
-52.9% (2024 est.)
Population below poverty line
62.8% (2019 est.)
note: % of population with income below national poverty line
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
note
note: annual % change based on consumer prices
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022
10.3% (2022 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023
7.1% (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024
4.1% (2024 est.)
Industrial production growth rate
2.9% (2024 est.)
note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
note
note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022
$48.222 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023
$50.844 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024
$51.786 billion (2024 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
male
7.5% (2024 est.)
note
note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
total
7.4% (2024 est.)
female
7.2% (2024 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
note
note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022
$2.939 billion (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023
$3.637 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024
$3.843 billion (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
note
note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
industry
24.6% (2024 est.)
services
38.4% (2024 est.)
agriculture
26.3% (2024 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share
note
note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
lowest 10%
1.7% (2019 est.)
highest 10%
41.1% (2019 est.)
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income
note
note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2019
50.3 (2019 est.)