World Factbook
Myanmar
Pyidaungzu Thammada Myanma Naingngandaw (translated as the Republic of the Union of Myanmar)
Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)
Literacy
male
94.7% (2020 est.)
female
92.7% (2020 est.)
total population
93.5% (2020 est.)
Languages
note
note: minority ethnic groups use their own languages
Languages
Burmese (official)
major-language sample(s)
ကမ္ဘာ့အချက်အလက်စာအုပ်- အခြေခံအချက်အလက်တွေအတွက် မရှိမဖြစ်တဲ့ အရင်းအမြစ် (Burmese) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions
Buddhist 87.9%, Christian 6.2%, Muslim 4.3%, Animist 0.8%, Hindu 0.5%, other 0.2%, none 0.1% (2014 est.)
note: religion estimate is based on the 2014 national census, including an estimate for the non-enumerated population of Rakhine State, which is assumed to mainly affiliate with the Islamic faith; as of December 2019, Muslims probably make up less than 3% of Burma's total population due to the large outmigration of the Rohingya population since 2017
Sex ratio
at birth
1.06 male(s)/female
0-14 years
1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years
0.97 male(s)/female
total population
0.97 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
65 years and over
0.77 male(s)/female
Birth rate
15.44 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate
7.17 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Median age
male
29.9 years
total
31.1 years (2025 est.)
female
31.6 years
Population
male
28,591,467
total
57,931,718 (2025 est.)
female
29,340,251
Nationality
noun
Burmese (singular and plural)
adjective
Burmese
Tobacco use
male
68.1% (2025 est.)
total
42.2% (2025 est.)
female
17.1% (2025 est.)
Urbanization
urban population
32.1% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization
1.85% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Age structure
0-14 years
24.4% (male 7,197,177/female 6,843,879)
15-64 years
68.5% (male 19,420,361/female 19,998,625)
65 years and over
7.1% (2024 est.) (male 1,770,293/female 2,296,804)
Ethnic groups
Burman (Bamar) 68%, Shan 9%, Karen 7%, Rakhine 4%, Chinese 3%, Indian 2%, Mon 2%, other 5%
note: the largest ethnic group — the Burman (or Bamar) — dominate politics, and the military ranks are largely drawn from this ethnic group; the Burman mainly populate the central parts of the country, while various ethnic minorities have traditionally lived in the peripheral regions that surround the plains in a horseshoe shape; the government recognizes 135 indigenous ethnic groups
Child marriage
men married by age 18
5% (2016)
women married by age 15
1.9% (2016)
women married by age 18
16% (2016)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio
45.7 (2025 est.)
youth dependency ratio
35 (2025 est.)
potential support ratio
9.3 (2025 est.)
elderly dependency ratio
10.7 (2025 est.)
Physician density
0.76 physicians/1,000 population (2019)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
5.6% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
2.5% of national budget (2022 est.)
Net migration rate
-1.36 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Hospital bed density
1.1 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)
Total fertility rate
1.95 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Drinking water source
improved: rural
rural: 77.1% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 82.4% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 93.7% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 22.9% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 17.6% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 6.3% of population (2022 est.)
Education expenditure
Education expenditure (% GDP)
2% of GDP (2019 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget)
9.7% national budget (2019 est.)
Infant mortality rate
male
35.4 deaths/1,000 live births
total
30.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
female
28.5 deaths/1,000 live births
Population growth rate
0.69% (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
0.95 (2025 est.)
Population distribution
population concentrated along coastal areas and in general proximity to the shores of the Irrawaddy River; the extreme north is relatively underpopulated
Life expectancy at birth
male
68.5 years
female
72.1 years
total population
70.3 years (2024 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
185 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Sanitation facility access
improved: rural
rural: 82% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 85.9% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 94.1% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 18% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 14.1% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 5.9% of population (2022 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita
beer
0.5 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine
0.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
total
2.06 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits
1.55 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols
0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Major urban areas - population
5.610 million RANGOON (Yangon) (capital), 1.532 million Mandalay (2023)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
5.8% (2016)
Mother's mean age at first birth
24.7 years (2015/16 est.)
note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
58% (2019 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight
19.5% (2018 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
male
11 years (2018 est.)
total
12 years (2018 est.)
female
12 years (2018 est.)