World Factbook
Nepal
Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)
Budget
note
note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
revenues
$7.625 billion (2021 est.)
expenditures
$9.1 billion (2021 est.)
Exports
note
note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports 2022
$2.106 billion (2022 est.)
Exports 2023
$2.258 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2024
$3.744 billion (2024 est.)
Imports
note
note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports 2022
$15.227 billion (2022 est.)
Imports 2023
$13.877 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2024
$17.777 billion (2024 est.)
Industries
tourism, carpets, textiles, small rice, jute, sugar, oilseed mills, cigarettes, cement and brick production
Labor force
8.435 million (2024 est.)
note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Public debt
note
note: central government debt as a % of GDP
Public debt 2021
39.9% of GDP (2021 est.)
Remittances
note
note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Remittances 2022
22% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2023
25.3% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2024
33.1% of GDP (2024 est.)
Exchange rates
Currency
Nepalese rupees (NPR) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2020
118.345 (2020 est.)
Exchange rates 2021
118.134 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2022
125.199 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2023
132.115 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2024
133.727 (2024 est.)
Debt - external
note
note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Debt - external 2023
$5.719 billion (2023 est.)
Economic overview
low-income South Asian economy; post-conflict fiscal federalism increasing stability; COVID-19 hurt trade and tourism; widening current account deficits; environmentally fragile economy from earthquakes; growing Chinese relations and investments
Unemployment rate
note
note: % of labor force seeking employment
Unemployment rate 2022
10.9% (2022 est.)
Unemployment rate 2023
10.7% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate 2024
10.8% (2024 est.)
Exports - partners
India 67%, USA 12%, Germany 3%, China 2%, UK 2% (2023)
note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Imports - partners
India 71%, China 17%, UAE 3%, Singapore 2%, Germany 1% (2023)
note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Real GDP per capita
note
note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP per capita 2022
$4,800 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023
$4,900 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2024
$5,000 (2024 est.)
Real GDP growth rate
note
note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP growth rate 2022
5.6% (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2023
2% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2024
3.7% (2024 est.)
Agricultural products
rice, vegetables, potatoes, sugarcane, maize, wheat, bison milk, milk, mangoes/guavas, bananas (2023)
note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Exports - commodities
knotted carpets, garments, flat-rolled iron, synthetic fibers, palm oil (2023)
note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports - commodities
refined petroleum, natural gas, garments, iron reductions, broadcasting equipment (2023)
note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Current account balance
note
note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Current account balance 2022
-$3.088 billion (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2023
$146.66 million (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2024
$1.954 billion (2024 est.)
Taxes and other revenues
17.5% (of GDP) (2021 est.)
note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
GDP (official exchange rate)
$42.914 billion (2024 est.)
note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
GDP - composition, by end use
note
note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
household consumption
86.3% (2024 est.)
government consumption
7.4% (2024 est.)
investment in inventories
6.1% (2024 est.)
investment in fixed capital
24.3% (2024 est.)
exports of goods and services
7.6% (2024 est.)
imports of goods and services
-32.9% (2024 est.)
Population below poverty line
20.3% (2022 est.)
note: % of population with income below national poverty line
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
note
note: annual % change based on consumer prices
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021
4.1% (2021 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022
7.7% (2022 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023
7.1% (2023 est.)
Industrial production growth rate
0.1% (2024 est.)
note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
note
note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022
$141.546 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023
$144.352 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024
$149.643 billion (2024 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
male
19.3% (2024 est.)
note
note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
total
20.8% (2024 est.)
female
23.6% (2024 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
note
note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021
$9.639 billion (2021 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022
$9.319 billion (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023
$12.456 billion (2023 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
note
note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
industry
11.4% (2024 est.)
services
55.2% (2024 est.)
agriculture
21.9% (2024 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share
note
note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
lowest 10%
3.7% (2022 est.)
highest 10%
24.2% (2022 est.)
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income
note
note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022
30 (2022 est.)