World Factbook
Netherlands
Koninkrijk der Nederlanden
Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)
Languages
note
note: Frisian, Low Saxon, Limburgish, Romani, and Yiddish have protected status; Dutch is the official language of the three special municipalities of the Caribbean Netherlands; English is a recognized regional language on Sint Eustatius and Saba; Papiamento is a recognized regional language on Bonaire
Languages
Dutch (official), Frisian (official in Fryslan province)
major-language sample(s)
Het Wereld Feitenboek, een onmisbare bron van informatie. (Dutch) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions
Roman Catholic 20.1%, Protestant 14.8% (includes Dutch Reformed, Protestant Church of The Netherlands, Calvinist), Muslim 5%, other 5.9% (includes Hindu, Buddhist, Jewish), none 54.1% (2019 est.)
Sex ratio
at birth
1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years
1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years
1.02 male(s)/female
total population
0.99 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
65 years and over
0.87 male(s)/female
Birth rate
10.68 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate
9.7 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Median age
male
40.9 years
total
42.2 years (2025 est.)
female
43.5 years
Population
male
8,874,366
total
17,833,885 (2025 est.)
female
8,959,519
Nationality
noun
Dutchman(men), Dutchwoman(women)
adjective
Dutch
Tobacco use
male
21% (2025 est.)
total
18.7% (2025 est.)
female
16.4% (2025 est.)
Urbanization
urban population
93.2% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization
0.59% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Age structure
0-14 years
15.2% (male 1,384,142/female 1,312,455)
15-64 years
64.1% (male 5,750,034/female 5,640,691)
65 years and over
20.7% (2024 est.) (male 1,709,924/female 1,975,132)
Ethnic groups
Dutch 75.4%, EU (excluding Dutch) 6.4%, Turkish 2.4%, Moroccan 2.4%, Surinamese 2.1%, Indonesian 2%, other 9.3% (2021 est.)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio
56.8 (2025 est.)
youth dependency ratio
23.7 (2025 est.)
potential support ratio
3 (2025 est.)
elderly dependency ratio
33 (2025 est.)
Physician density
3.88 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
11.3% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
15.9% of national budget (2022 est.)
Net migration rate
2.01 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Hospital bed density
2.9 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)
Total fertility rate
1.62 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Drinking water source
improved: rural
rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Education expenditure
Education expenditure (% GDP)
5.2% of GDP (2022 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget)
12% national budget (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate
male
3.9 deaths/1,000 live births
total
3.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
female
3.3 deaths/1,000 live births
Population growth rate
0.3% (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
0.79 (2025 est.)
Population distribution
an area known as the Randstad, anchored by the cities of Amsterdam, Rotterdam, the Hague, and Utrecht, is the most densely populated region; the north tends to be less dense, but sizeable communities can be found throughout the entire country
Life expectancy at birth
male
80.3 years
female
83.5 years
total population
81.9 years (2024 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
4 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Sanitation facility access
improved: rural
rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita
beer
3.95 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine
2.92 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
total
8.23 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits
1.36 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols
0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Major urban areas - population
1.174 million AMSTERDAM (capital), 1.018 million Rotterdam (2023)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
20.4% (2016)
Mother's mean age at first birth
30.2 years (2020 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
53.5% (2023 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
male
18 years (2021 est.)
total
19 years (2021 est.)
female
19 years (2021 est.)