World Factbook
North Macedonia
Republika Severna Makedonija
Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)
Area
land
25,433 sq km
water
280 sq km
total
25,713 sq km
Climate
warm, dry summers and autumns; relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall
Terrain
mountainous with deep basins and valleys; three large lakes, each divided by a frontier line; country bisected by the Vardar River
Land use
other
9.5% (2023 est.)
forest
40.9% (2023 est.)
agricultural land
49.6% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 16.5% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 1.6% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 31.5% (2023 est.)
Location
Southeastern Europe, north of Greece
Coastline
0 km (landlocked)
Elevation
lowest point
Vardar River 50 m
highest point
Golem Korab (Maja e Korabit) 2,764 m
mean elevation
741 m
Irrigated land
844 sq km (2016)
Map references
Europe
Land boundaries
total
838 km
border countries
Albania 181 km; Bulgaria 162 km; Greece 234 km; Kosovo 160 km; Serbia 101 km
Maritime claims
none (landlocked)
Natural hazards
high seismic risks
Geography - note
landlocked; major transportation corridor from Western and Central Europe to Aegean Sea and Southern Europe to Western Europe
Natural resources
low-grade iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, manganese, nickel, tungsten, gold, silver, asbestos, gypsum, timber, arable land
Area - comparative
slightly larger than Vermont; almost four times the size of Delaware
Geographic coordinates
41 50 N, 22 00 E
Population distribution
a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations
Major watersheds (area sq km)
Atlantic Ocean drainage
(Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)