World Factbook
Oman
Saltanat Uman
Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)
Area
land
309,500 sq km
water
0 sq km
total
309,500 sq km
Climate
dry desert; hot, humid along coast; hot, dry interior; strong southwest summer monsoon (May to September) in far south
Terrain
central desert plain, rugged mountains in north and south
Land use
other
95.2% (2023 est.)
forest
0% (2023 est.)
agricultural land
4.8% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 0.3% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 0.1% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 4.4% (2023 est.)
Location
Middle East, bordering the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Oman, and Persian Gulf, between Yemen and the UAE
Coastline
2,092 km
Elevation
lowest point
Arabian Sea 0 m
highest point
Jabal Shams 3,004 m
mean elevation
310 m
Irrigated land
1,162 sq km (2022)
Major aquifers
Arabian Aquifer System
Map references
Middle East
Land boundaries
total
1,561 km
border countries
Saudi Arabia 658 km; UAE 609 km; Yemen 294 km
Maritime claims
contiguous zone
24 nm
territorial sea
12 nm
exclusive economic zone
200 nm
Natural hazards
summer winds often raise large sandstorms and dust storms in interior; periodic droughts
Geography - note
consists of Oman proper and two northern exclaves, Musandam and Al Madhah; the former is a peninsula that occupies a strategic location adjacent to the Strait of Hormuz
Natural resources
petroleum, copper, asbestos, some marble, limestone, chromium, gypsum, natural gas
Area - comparative
twice the size of Georgia
Geographic coordinates
21 00 N, 57 00 E
Population distribution
the vast majority of the population is located in and around the Al Hagar Mountains in the north; another smaller cluster is found around the city of Salalah in the far south; most of the country remains sparsely populated