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Poland

Rzeczpospolita Polska

Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)

Budget

note

note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

revenues

$291.603 billion (2023 est.)

expenditures

$328.497 billion (2023 est.)

Exports

note

note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

Exports 2022

$436.388 billion (2022 est.)

Exports 2023

$471.571 billion (2023 est.)

Exports 2024

$478.579 billion (2024 est.)

Imports

note

note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

Imports 2022

$421.765 billion (2022 est.)

Imports 2023

$423.797 billion (2023 est.)

Imports 2024

$441.945 billion (2024 est.)

Industries

machine building, iron and steel, coal mining, chemicals, shipbuilding, food processing, glass, beverages, textiles

Labor force

18.245 million (2024 est.)

note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

Public debt

note

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities, the data include subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

Public debt 2017

50.6% of GDP (2017 est.)

Remittances

note

note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Remittances 2022

1.1% of GDP (2022 est.)

Remittances 2023

1.1% of GDP (2023 est.)

Remittances 2024

0.9% of GDP (2024 est.)

Exchange rates

Currency

zlotych (PLN) per US dollar -

Exchange rates 2020

3.9 (2020 est.)

Exchange rates 2021

3.862 (2021 est.)

Exchange rates 2022

4.458 (2022 est.)

Exchange rates 2023

4.204 (2023 est.)

Exchange rates 2024

3.981 (2024 est.)

Economic overview

high-income, diversified, EU-member economy; significant growth in GDP, trade, and investment since joining EU in 2004; private consumption and EU-funded public investments driving GDP growth; increased social spending, flooding recovery costs, and defense spending have added to public debt

Unemployment rate

note

note: % of labor force seeking employment

Unemployment rate 2022

2.9% (2022 est.)

Unemployment rate 2023

2.8% (2023 est.)

Unemployment rate 2024

2.5% (2024 est.)

Exports - partners

Germany 25%, UK 6%, Czechia 6%, France 6%, Italy 5% (2023)

note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

Imports - partners

Germany 22%, China 12%, Italy 5%, Netherlands 4%, USA 4% (2023)

note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

Real GDP per capita

note

note: data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP per capita 2022

$43,400 (2022 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2023

$43,700 (2023 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2024

$45,100 (2024 est.)

Real GDP growth rate

note

note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real GDP growth rate 2022

5.3% (2022 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2023

0.2% (2023 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2024

2.9% (2024 est.)

Agricultural products

sugar beets, milk, wheat, maize, potatoes, triticale, apples, rapeseed, barley, rye (2023)

note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Exports - commodities

vehicle parts/accessories, electric batteries, plastic products, cars, seats (2023)

note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Imports - commodities

crude petroleum, cars, garments, vehicle parts/accessories, plastic products (2023)

note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Current account balance

note

note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Current account balance 2022

-$15.822 billion (2022 est.)

Current account balance 2023

$14.535 billion (2023 est.)

Current account balance 2024

$1.789 billion (2024 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

18% (of GDP) (2023 est.)

note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

GDP (official exchange rate)

$914.696 billion (2024 est.)

note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate

GDP - composition, by end use

note

note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

household consumption

57.6% (2024 est.)

government consumption

20.8% (2024 est.)

investment in inventories

0.8% (2024 est.)

investment in fixed capital

16.9% (2024 est.)

exports of goods and services

52.3% (2024 est.)

imports of goods and services

-48.3% (2024 est.)

Population below poverty line

12.2% (2023 est.)

note: % of population with income below national poverty line

Average household expenditures

on food

18.6% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

on alcohol and tobacco

6.2% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

note

note: annual % change based on consumer prices

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022

14.4% (2022 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023

11.5% (2023 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024

3.8% (2024 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

-0.6% (2023 est.)

note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Real GDP (purchasing power parity)

note

note: data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022

$1.598 trillion (2022 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023

$1.602 trillion (2023 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024

$1.649 trillion (2024 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)

male

10.1% (2024 est.)

note

note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

total

9.9% (2024 est.)

female

9.6% (2024 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

note

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022

$166.664 billion (2022 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023

$193.783 billion (2023 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024

$223.115 billion (2024 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

note

note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

industry

26.4% (2024 est.)

services

59.9% (2024 est.)

agriculture

2.6% (2024 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

note

note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

lowest 10%

3.3% (2022 est.)

highest 10%

23.1% (2022 est.)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income

note

note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022

28.9 (2022 est.)