World Factbook
Portugal
Republica Portuguesa
Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)
Languages
Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official, but locally used)
Religions
Catholic 68.1%, not applicable 12.9%, no religion 12.0%, no response 2.2%, Protestant 1.8%, other 1.0%; less than 1%: other Christians, Orthodox, Muslim (2021 est.)
note: data represent population 15 years of age and older
Sex ratio
at birth
1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years
1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years
0.97 male(s)/female
total population
0.9 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
65 years and over
0.66 male(s)/female
Birth rate
8.03 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate
10.92 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Median age
male
44.3 years
total
46.8 years (2025 est.)
female
48.3 years
Population
male
4,831,166
total
10,194,277 (2025 est.)
female
5,363,111
Nationality
noun
Portuguese (singular and plural)
adjective
Portuguese
Tobacco use
male
26.1% (2025 est.)
total
20.7% (2025 est.)
female
15.9% (2025 est.)
Urbanization
urban population
67.9% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization
0.44% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Age structure
0-14 years
12.7% (male 662,419/female 631,284)
15-64 years
65% (male 3,264,766/female 3,371,087)
65 years and over
22.3% (2024 est.) (male 908,578/female 1,369,043)
Ethnic groups
Portuguese 95%; citizens from Portugal’s former colonies in Africa, Asia (Han Chinese), and South America (Brazilian) and other foreign born 5%
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio
54.3 (2025 est.)
youth dependency ratio
19.3 (2025 est.)
potential support ratio
2.9 (2025 est.)
elderly dependency ratio
35 (2025 est.)
Physician density
5.85 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
10.6% of GDP (2022)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
14.8% of national budget (2022 est.)
Net migration rate
1.78 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Hospital bed density
3.5 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)
Total fertility rate
1.46 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Drinking water source
improved: rural
rural: 97.9% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 99.3% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 99.9% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 2.1% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 0.7% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)
Education expenditure
Education expenditure (% GDP)
4.6% of GDP (2022 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget)
10.4% national budget (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate
male
2.8 deaths/1,000 live births
total
2.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
female
2.1 deaths/1,000 live births
Population growth rate
-0.11% (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
0.71 (2025 est.)
Population distribution
concentrations are primarily along or near the Atlantic coast; both Lisbon and the second largest city, Porto, are coastal cities
Life expectancy at birth
male
78.8 years
female
85.2 years
total population
81.9 years (2024 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
15 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Sanitation facility access
improved: rural
rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita
beer
2.62 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine
6.04 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
total
10.37 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits
1.34 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols
0.37 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Major urban areas - population
3.001 million LISBON (capital), 1.325 million Porto (2023)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
20.8% (2016)
Mother's mean age at first birth
29.9 years (2020 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
50.6% (2021 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight
0.9% (2016 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
male
17 years (2022 est.)
total
18 years (2022 est.)
female
18 years (2022 est.)