World Factbook
San Marino
Repubblica di San Marino
Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)
Flag
description: two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue, with the national coat of arms in the center; the main colors come from the shield on the coat of arms, which features three white towers on mountain peaks on a blue field; a wreath and a crown are around the shield, above a scroll with the word LIBERTAS (Liberty) meaning: the towers represent the Guaita, Cesta, and Montale castles on Mount Titano; white and blue are said to stand for peace and liberty
Capital
name
San Marino (city)
etymology
named after Saint MARINUS, who founded a monastic settlement on Monte Titano in the early 4th century
time difference
UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time
+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
geographic coordinates
43 56 N, 12 25 E
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Citizenship
citizenship by birth
no
citizenship by descent only
at least one parent must be a citizen of San Marino
dual citizenship recognized
no
residency requirement for naturalization
30 years
Constitution
history
San Marino’s principal legislative instruments consist of old customs ( antiche consuetudini ), the Statutory Laws of San Marino (Leges Statutae Sancti Marini), old statutes ( antichi statute ) from the1600s, Brief Notes on the Constitutional Order and Institutional Organs of the Republic of San Marino (Brevi Cenni sull’Ordinamento Costituzionale e gli Organi Istituzionali della Repubblica di San Marino) and successive legislation, chief among them is the Declaration of the Rights of Citizens and Fundamental Principles of the San Marino Legal Order (Dichiarazione dei Diritti dei Cittadini e dei Principi Fondamentali dell’Ordinamento Sammarinese), approved 8 July 1974
amendment process
proposed by the Great and General Council; passage requires two-thirds majority Council vote; Council passage by absolute majority vote also requires passage in a referendum
Country name
etymology
named after Saint MARINUS, who founded a monastic settlement on Monte Titano in the early 4th century
local long form
Repubblica di San Marino
local short form
San Marino
conventional long form
Republic of San Marino
conventional short form
San Marino
Independence
3 September 301 (traditional founding date)
Legal system
civil law system with Italian civil law influences
Government type
parliamentary republic
Judicial branch
note
note: the College of Guarantors for the Constitutionality and General Norms functions as San Marino's constitutional court
highest court(s)
Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII (consists of 12 members)
subordinate courts
first instance and first appeal criminal, administrative, and civil courts; Court for the Trust and Trustee Relations; justices of the peace or conciliatory judges
judge selection and term of office
judges elected by the Grand and General Council from among its own to serve 5-year terms
Executive branch
note
note: the captains regent preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has seven other members who are selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are seven secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has some prime ministerial roles
cabinet
Congress of State elected by the Grand and General Council
chief of state
co-chiefs of state Captains Regent Matteo ROSSI and Lorenzo BUGLI (for the period 1 October 2025 - 31 March 2026)
election results
2025 : Denise BRONZETTI (Reformist Alliance) and Italo RIGHI (Christian Democrat) elected captains regent: percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA 2024 : Francesca CIVERCHIA (PDCS) and Dalibor RICCARDI (Free San Marino) elected captains regent; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA 2019: Luca BECCARI (PDCS) elected Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA
head of government
Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Luca BECCARI (since 8 January 2020)
most recent election date
co-chiefs of state: 1 April 2025 secretary of state: 28 December 2019
election/appointment process
co-chiefs of state (captains regent) indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 6-month term; Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 5-year term
expected date of next election
co-chiefs of state: September 2025
National holiday
Founding of the Republic (or Feast of Saint Marinus), 3 September (A.D. 301)
National color(s)
white, blue
National heritage
total World Heritage Sites
1 (cultural)
selected World Heritage Site locales
San Marino Historic Center and Mount Titano
Political parties
Domani - Modus Liberi or DML Free San Marino (Libera San Marino) or Libera Future Republic or RF Party of Socialists and Democrats or PSD Reformist Alliance or AR RETE Movement Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party or PDCS Socialist Party or PS Tomorrow in Movement coalition (includes RETE Movement, DML)
Legislative branch
term in office
5 years
number of seats
60 (all directly elected)
electoral system
proportional representation
legislature name
Great and General Council (Consiglio grande e generale)
scope of elections
full renewal
legislative structure
unicameral
most recent election date
6/9/2024
expected date of next election
June 2029
percentage of women in chamber
35%
parties elected and seats per party
Christian Democratic Party of San Marino (PDCS) (22); Free (Libera) – Socialist Party (PS) (10); Future Republic (RF) (8); Party of Socialists and Democrats (PSD) (8); Tomorrow - Motus Liberi (5); Reformist Alliance (AR) (4); R.E.T.E. Citizens' Movement (3)
National anthem(s)
title
"Inno Nazionale della Repubblica" (National Anthem of the Republic)
history
adopted 1894; the music for the anthem, which has no lyrics, is based on a 10th-century chorale piece
lyrics/music
no lyrics/Federico CONSOLO
National symbol(s)
three peaks, each displaying a tower
Administrative divisions
9 municipalities ( castelli , singular - castello ); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Montegiardino, San Marino Citta, Serravalle
Diplomatic representation in the US
FAX
[1] (212) 751-1436
chancery
327 E 50th Street, New York, NY 10022
telephone
[1] (212) 751-1234
chief of mission
Ambassador Damiano BELEFFI (since 21 July 2017); note - also Permanent Representative to the UN
email address and website
sanmarinoun@gmail.com Republic of San Marino Permanent Mission to the United Nations
Diplomatic representation from the US
embassy
the United States does not have an Embassy in San Marino; the US Ambassador to Italy is accredited to San Marino, and the US Consulate General in Florence maintains day-to-day ties
International organization participation
CE, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), OPCW, OSCE, Schengen Convention (de facto member), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction