World Factbook
Serbia
Republika Srbija
Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)
Area
land
77,474 sq km
water
0 sq km
total
77,474 sq km
Climate
in the north, continental climate (cold winters and hot, humid summers with well-distributed rainfall); in other parts, continental and Mediterranean climate (relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall and hot, dry summers and autumns)
Terrain
extremely varied; to the north, rich fertile plains; to the east, limestone ranges and basins; to the southeast, ancient mountains and hills
Land use
other
27.2% (2023 est.)
forest
40.4% (2023 est.)
agricultural land
40.4% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 31% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 2.5% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 6.6% (2023 est.)
Location
Southeastern Europe, between Macedonia and Hungary
Coastline
0 km (landlocked)
Elevation
lowest point
Danube and Timok Rivers 35 m
highest point
Midzor 2,169 m
mean elevation
442 m
Irrigated land
550 sq km (2022)
Map references
Europe
Land boundaries
total
2,322 km
border countries
Bosnia and Herzegovina 345 km; Bulgaria 344 km; Croatia 314 km; Hungary 164 km; Kosovo 366 km; North Macedonia 101 km; Montenegro 157 km; Romania 531 km
Maritime claims
none (landlocked)
Natural hazards
destructive earthquakes
Geography - note
landlocked; controls one of the major land routes from Western Europe to Turkey and the Near East
Natural resources
oil, gas, coal, iron ore, copper, zinc, antimony, chromite, gold, silver, magnesium, pyrite, limestone, marble, salt, arable land
Area - comparative
slightly smaller than South Carolina
Geographic coordinates
44 00 N, 21 00 E
Population distribution
a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations
Major watersheds (area sq km)
Atlantic Ocean drainage
(Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)
Major rivers (by length in km)
Dunav (Danube) (shared with Germany [s], Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Moldova, and Romania [m]) - 2,888 km note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth