World Factbook
Singapore
Republic of Singapore
Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)
Literacy
male
98.9% (2021 est.)
female
96.4% (2021 est.)
total population
97.7% (2021 est.)
Languages
note
note: data represent language most frequently spoken at home
Languages
English (official) 48.3%, Mandarin (official) 29.9%, other Chinese dialects (includes Hokkien, Cantonese, Teochew, Hakka) 8.7%, Malay (official) 9.2%, Tamil (official) 2.5%, other 1.4% (2020 est.)
major-language sample(s)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. (English) 世界概況 – 不可缺少的基本消息來源 (Mandarin)
Religions
Buddhist 31.1%, Christian 18.9%, Muslim 15.6%, Taoist 8.8%, Hindu 5%, other 0.6%, none 20% (2020 est.)
Sex ratio
at birth
1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years
1.07 male(s)/female
15-64 years
1.01 male(s)/female
total population
1 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
65 years and over
0.87 male(s)/female
Birth rate
8.77 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate
4.38 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Median age
male
38 years
total
39.8 years (2025 est.)
female
40.6 years
Population
male
3,040,862
total
6,080,545 (2025 est.)
female
3,039,683
Nationality
noun
Singaporean(s)
adjective
Singapore
Tobacco use
male
27.6% (2025 est.)
total
16.2% (2025 est.)
female
3.8% (2025 est.)
Urbanization
urban population
100% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization
0.74% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Age structure
0-14 years
14.6% (male 455,536/female 424,969)
15-64 years
71.1% (male 2,157,441/female 2,126,799)
65 years and over
14.3% (2024 est.) (male 400,653/female 463,061)
Ethnic groups
Chinese 74.2%, Malay 13.7%, Indian 8.9%, other 3.2% (2021 est.)
note: data represent population by self-identification; the population is divided into four categories: Chinese, Malay (includes indigenous Malays and Indonesians), Indian (includes Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, or Sri Lankan), and other ethnic groups (includes Eurasians, Caucasians, Japanese, Filipino, Vietnamese)
Child marriage
women married by age 15
0% (2023)
women married by age 18
0.1% (2023)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio
41.6 (2025 est.)
youth dependency ratio
20.5 (2025 est.)
potential support ratio
4.7 (2025 est.)
elderly dependency ratio
21.2 (2025 est.)
Physician density
2.83 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
5.6% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
18.1% of national budget (2022 est.)
Net migration rate
4.11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Hospital bed density
2.6 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Total fertility rate
1.18 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Drinking water source
improved: total
total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Education expenditure
Education expenditure (% GDP)
2.2% of GDP (2024 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget)
12% national budget (2025 est.)
Infant mortality rate
male
1.7 deaths/1,000 live births
total
1.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
female
1.4 deaths/1,000 live births
Population growth rate
0.85% (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
0.58 (2025 est.)
Population distribution
most of the urbanization is along the southern coast, with relatively dense population clusters found in the central areas
Life expectancy at birth
male
84 years
female
89.5 years
total population
86.7 years (2024 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
6 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Sanitation facility access
improved: total
total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita
beer
1.26 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine
0.27 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
total
1.81 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits
0.24 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols
0.04 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Major urban areas - population
6.081 million SINGAPORE (capital) (2023)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
6.1% (2016)
Mother's mean age at first birth
30.5 years (2015 est.)
note: data represents median age
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
43.8% (2020 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
male
17 years (2022 est.)
total
17 years (2022 est.)
female
17 years (2022 est.)