World Factbook
Slovakia
Slovenska republika
Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)
Languages
Languages
Slovak (official) 81.8%, Hungarian 8.5%, Roma 1.8%, other 2.2%, unspecified 5.7% (2021 est.)
major-language sample(s)
Svetova Kniha Faktov, nenahraditelny zdroj zakladnej informacie. (Slovak) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions
Roman Catholic 55.8%, Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession 5.3%, Greek Catholic 4%, Reformed Christian 1.6%, other 3%, none 23.8%, unspecified 6.5% (2021 est.)
Sex ratio
at birth
1.07 male(s)/female
0-14 years
1.09 male(s)/female
15-64 years
0.98 male(s)/female
total population
0.93 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
65 years and over
0.67 male(s)/female
Birth rate
9.77 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate
11.18 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Median age
male
41.3 years
total
43.1 years (2025 est.)
female
44.4 years
Population
male
2,684,747
total
5,563,649 (2024 est.)
female
2,878,902
Nationality
noun
Slovak(s)
adjective
Slovak
Tobacco use
male
34.5% (2025 est.)
total
30.3% (2025 est.)
female
26.3% (2025 est.)
Urbanization
urban population
54% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization
0.17% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Age structure
0-14 years
15.3% (male 444,033/female 408,902)
15-64 years
66.5% (male 1,834,359/female 1,867,158)
65 years and over
18.1% (2024 est.) (male 406,355/female 602,842)
Ethnic groups
Slovak 83.8%, Hungarian 7.8%, Romani 1.2%, other 1.8% (includes Czech, Ruthenian, Ukrainian, Russian, German, Polish), unspecified 5.4% (2021 est.)
note: data represent population by nationality; Romani populations are usually underestimated in official statistics and may represent 7–11% of Slovakia's population
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio
50.3 (2024 est.)
youth dependency ratio
23 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio
3.7 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio
27.3 (2024 est.)
Physician density
3.7 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
7.8% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
14.6% of national budget (2022 est.)
Net migration rate
0.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Hospital bed density
5.7 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)
Total fertility rate
1.6 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Drinking water source
improved: rural
rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 99.8% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 99.6% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 0.2% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 0.4% of population (2022 est.)
Education expenditure
Education expenditure (% GDP)
4.7% of GDP (2022 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget)
11% national budget (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate
male
5.7 deaths/1,000 live births
total
5 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
female
4.5 deaths/1,000 live births
Population growth rate
-0.07% (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
0.77 (2025 est.)
Population distribution
a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country; slightly larger concentration in the west in proximity to the Czech border
Life expectancy at birth
male
73.7 years
female
81 years
total population
77.2 years (2024 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
4 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Sanitation facility access
improved: rural
rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 99.9% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita
beer
4.14 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine
2.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
total
10.3 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits
4.14 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols
0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Major urban areas - population
441,000 BRATISLAVA (capital) (2023)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
20.5% (2016)
Mother's mean age at first birth
27.2 years (2020 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
49.2% (2023 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
male
15 years (2023 est.)
total
15 years (2023 est.)
female
16 years (2023 est.)