World Factbook
Spain
Reino de España
Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)
Literacy
male
99.8% (2021 est.)
female
99.6% (2021 est.)
total population
99.7% (2021 est.)
Languages
note
note: Aragonese, Aranese Asturian, Calo, and Valencian are also recognized as regional languages
Languages
Castilian Spanish (official) 74%, Catalan (official in Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, and the Valencian Community) 17%, Galician (official in Galicia) 7%, Basque (official in the Basque Country and Navarre) 2%, Aranese (official in part of Catalonia) <5,000 speakers
major-language sample(s)
La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions
Roman Catholic 58.2%, atheist 16.2%, agnostic 10.8%, other 2.7%, non-believer 10.5%, unspecified 1.7% (2021 est.)
Sex ratio
at birth
1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years
1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years
1 male(s)/female
total population
0.95 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
65 years and over
0.76 male(s)/female
Birth rate
7.16 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate
9.98 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Median age
male
45.7 years
total
47.2 years (2025 est.)
female
47.8 years
Population
male
23,069,327
total
47,280,433 (2024 est.)
female
24,211,106
Nationality
noun
Spaniard(s)
adjective
Spanish
Tobacco use
male
25.8% (2025 est.)
total
23.9% (2025 est.)
female
22% (2025 est.)
Urbanization
note
note: data include Canary Islands, Ceuta, and Melilla
urban population
81.6% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization
0.24% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Age structure
0-14 years
13% (male 3,147,019/female 3,012,821)
15-64 years
66.1% (male 15,662,492/female 15,585,138)
65 years and over
20.9% (2024 est.) (male 4,259,816/female 5,613,147)
Ethnic groups
Spanish 84.8%, Moroccan 1.7%, Romanian 1.2%, other 12.3% (2021 est.)
note: data represent population by country of birth
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio
51.3 (2024 est.)
youth dependency ratio
19.7 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio
3.2 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio
31.6 (2024 est.)
Physician density
4.29 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
10.7% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
15.2% of national budget (2022 est.)
Net migration rate
3.98 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Hospital bed density
2.9 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Total fertility rate
1.32 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Drinking water source
improved: rural
rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 99.9% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 99.9% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)
Education expenditure
Education expenditure (% GDP)
4.6% of GDP (2022 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget)
9.9% national budget (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate
male
2.7 deaths/1,000 live births
total
2.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
female
2.1 deaths/1,000 live births
Population growth rate
0.12% (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
0.65 (2025 est.)
Population distribution
with the notable exception of Madrid, Sevilla, and Zaragoza, the largest urban agglomerations are found along the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts; numerous smaller cities are spread throughout the interior; very dense settlement around the capital of Madrid, as well as the port city of Barcelona
Life expectancy at birth
male
80.3 years
female
85.8 years
total population
83 years (2024 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
3 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Sanitation facility access
improved: rural
rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita
beer
4.67 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine
3.52 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
total
10.72 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits
2.34 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols
0.19 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Major urban areas - population
6.751 million MADRID (capital), 5.687 million Barcelona, 838,000 Valencia (2023)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
23.8% (2016)
Mother's mean age at first birth
31.2 years (2020 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
50.2% (2021 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
male
17 years (2023 est.)
total
18 years (2023 est.)
female
18 years (2023 est.)