World Factbook
Tajikistan
Jumhurii Tojikiston
Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)
Literacy
female
94.6% (2017 est.)
Languages
note
note: Russian widely used in government and business
Languages
Tajik (official) 84.4%, Uzbek 11.9%, Kyrgyz 0.8%, Russian 0.5%, other 2.4% (2010 est.)
major-language sample(s)
Китоби Фактҳои Ҷаҳонӣ, манбаи бебадали маълумоти асосӣ (Tajik) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions
Muslim 98% (Sunni 95%, Shia 3%) other 2% (2014 est.)
Sex ratio
at birth
1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years
1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years
1 male(s)/female
total population
1.01 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
65 years and over
0.81 male(s)/female
Birth rate
25.31 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate
4.45 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Median age
male
22.3 years
total
22.8 years (2025 est.)
female
23.2 years
Population
male
5,322,920
total
10,593,876 (2025 est.)
female
5,270,956
Nationality
noun
Tajikistani(s)
adjective
Tajikistani
Urbanization
urban population
28.2% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization
2.73% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Age structure
0-14 years
36.9% (male 1,953,472/female 1,877,192)
15-64 years
59.3% (male 3,086,964/female 3,071,642)
65 years and over
3.9% (2024 est.) (male 181,382/female 223,411)
Ethnic groups
Tajik 84.3% (includes Pamiri and Yagnobi), Uzbek 13.8%, other 2% (includes Kyrgyz, Russian, Turkmen, Tatar, Arab) (2014 est.)
Child marriage
women married by age 15
0.1% (2017)
women married by age 18
8.7% (2017)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio
68.5 (2025 est.)
youth dependency ratio
61.5 (2025 est.)
potential support ratio
14.5 (2025 est.)
elderly dependency ratio
6.9 (2025 est.)
Physician density
1.87 physicians/1,000 population (2023)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
8% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
6.4% of national budget (2022 est.)
Net migration rate
-1.94 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Hospital bed density
4.3 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Total fertility rate
3.52 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Drinking water source
improved: rural
rural: 76.6% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 81.9% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 95.6% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 23.4% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 18.1% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 4.4% of population (2022 est.)
Education expenditure
Education expenditure (% GDP)
5.4% of GDP (2023 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget)
19.3% national budget (2024 est.)
Infant mortality rate
male
24.3 deaths/1,000 live births
total
20.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
female
18.9 deaths/1,000 live births
Population growth rate
1.89% (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
1.71 (2025 est.)
Population distribution
the population is concentrated at lower elevations, with perhaps as many as 90% living in valleys; overall density increases from east to west
Life expectancy at birth
male
70.1 years
female
73.8 years
total population
71.9 years (2024 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
14 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Sanitation facility access
improved: rural
rural: 99.6% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 99.4% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 98.9% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 0.4% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 0.6% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 1.1% of population (2022 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita
beer
0.38 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine
0.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
total
0.85 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits
0.45 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols
0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Major urban areas - population
987,000 DUSHANBE (capital) (2023)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
14.2% (2016)
Mother's mean age at first birth
23.2 years (2017 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
68% (2020 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight
5.2% (2023 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
male
12 years (2024 est.)
total
12 years (2024 est.)
female
11 years (2024 est.)