World Factbook
Thailand
Ratcha Anachak Thai
Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)
Budget
note
note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
revenues
$102.84 billion (2023 est.)
expenditures
$114.521 billion (2023 est.)
Exports
note
note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports 2022
$324.111 billion (2022 est.)
Exports 2023
$337.45 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2024
$369.191 billion (2024 est.)
Imports
note
note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports 2022
$334.44 billion (2022 est.)
Imports 2023
$327.008 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2024
$351.419 billion (2024 est.)
Industries
tourism, textiles and garments, agricultural processing, beverages, tobacco, cement, light manufacturing such as jewelry and electric appliances, computers and parts, integrated circuits, furniture, plastics, automobiles and automotive parts, agricultural machinery, air conditioning and refrigeration, ceramics, aluminum, chemical, environmental management, glass, granite and marble, leather, machinery and metal work, petrochemical, petroleum refining, pharmaceuticals, printing, pulp and paper, rubber, sugar, rice, fishing, cassava, world's second-largest tungsten producer and third-largest tin producer
Labor force
40.623 million (2024 est.)
note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Public debt
note
note: central government debt as a % of GDP
Public debt 2023
61.1% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances
note
note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Remittances 2022
1.8% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2023
1.9% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2024
1.8% of GDP (2024 est.)
Exchange rates
Currency
baht per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2020
31.294 (2020 est.)
Exchange rates 2021
31.977 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2022
35.061 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2023
34.802 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2024
35.294 (2024 est.)
Debt - external
note
note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Debt - external 2023
$37.065 billion (2023 est.)
Economic overview
upper middle-income Southeast Asian economy; substantial infrastructure; major electronics, food, and automobile parts exporter; globally used currency; extremely low unemployment; ongoing Thailand 4.0 economic development
Unemployment rate
note
note: % of labor force seeking employment
Unemployment rate 2022
1% (2022 est.)
Unemployment rate 2023
0.8% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate 2024
0.7% (2024 est.)
Exports - partners
USA 18%, China 13%, Japan 7%, Australia 4%, Singapore 4% (2023)
note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Imports - partners
China 26%, Japan 11%, USA 7%, UAE 6%, Taiwan 5% (2023)
note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Real GDP per capita
note
note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP per capita 2022
$20,800 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023
$21,200 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2024
$21,700 (2024 est.)
Real GDP growth rate
note
note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP growth rate 2022
2.6% (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2023
2% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2024
2.5% (2024 est.)
Agricultural products
sugarcane, rice, cassava, oil palm fruit, maize, rubber, tropical fruits, chicken, mangoes/guavas, fruits (2023)
note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Exports - commodities
machine parts, integrated circuits, trucks, cars, broadcasting equipment (2023)
note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports - commodities
crude petroleum, integrated circuits, natural gas, gold, vehicle parts/accessories (2023)
note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Current account balance
note
note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Current account balance 2022
-$17.162 billion (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2023
$7.412 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2024
$11.089 billion (2024 est.)
Taxes and other revenues
15.4% (of GDP) (2023 est.)
note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
GDP (official exchange rate)
$526.411 billion (2024 est.)
note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
GDP - composition, by end use
note
note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
household consumption
58.2% (2024 est.)
government consumption
16.7% (2024 est.)
investment in inventories
-0.6% (2024 est.)
investment in fixed capital
22.2% (2024 est.)
exports of goods and services
70.1% (2024 est.)
imports of goods and services
-66.7% (2024 est.)
Population below poverty line
5.4% (2022 est.)
note: % of population with income below national poverty line
Average household expenditures
on food
25.9% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
on alcohol and tobacco
3% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
note
note: annual % change based on consumer prices
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022
-1.6% (2022 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023
8.5% (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024
1.4% (2024 est.)
Industrial production growth rate
0.9% (2024 est.)
note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
note
note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022
$1.489 trillion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023
$1.519 trillion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024
$1.558 trillion (2024 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
male
3.1% (2024 est.)
note
note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
total
4.3% (2024 est.)
female
6% (2024 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
note
note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022
$216.501 billion (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023
$224.47 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024
$236.934 billion (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
note
note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
industry
32.1% (2024 est.)
services
59.2% (2024 est.)
agriculture
8.7% (2024 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share
note
note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
lowest 10%
3.4% (2023 est.)
highest 10%
26.1% (2023 est.)
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income
note
note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2023
33.5 (2023 est.)