World Factbook
Thailand
Ratcha Anachak Thai
Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)
Literacy
male
90.7% (2022 est.)
female
91.5% (2022 est.)
total population
91.1% (2022 est.)
Languages
note
note: data represent population by language(s) spoken at home
Languages
Thai (official) only 90.7%, Thai and other languages 6.4%, only other languages 2.9% (includes Malay, Burmese); English is a secondary language among the elite (2010 est.)
major-language sample(s)
สารานุกรมโลก - แหล่งข้อมูลพื้นฐานที่สำคัญ (Thai) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions
Buddhist 92.5%, Muslim 5.4%, Christian 1.2%, other 0.9% (includes animist, Confucian, Hindu, Jewish, Sikh, and Taoist) (2021 est.)
Sex ratio
at birth
1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years
1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years
0.96 male(s)/female
total population
0.95 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
65 years and over
0.8 male(s)/female
Birth rate
9.82 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate
8.08 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Median age
male
40.2 years
total
41.9 years (2025 est.)
female
42.7 years
Population
male
34,101,016
total
70,025,248 (2025 est.)
female
35,924,232
Nationality
noun
Thai (singular and plural)
adjective
Thai
Tobacco use
male
36.1% (2025 est.)
total
18.1% (2025 est.)
female
1.6% (2025 est.)
Urbanization
urban population
53.6% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization
1.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Age structure
0-14 years
15.8% (male 5,669,592/female 5,394,398)
15-64 years
69% (male 23,681,528/female 24,597,535)
65 years and over
15.1% (2024 est.) (male 4,714,191/female 5,863,754)
Ethnic groups
Thai 97.5%, Burmese 1.3%, other 1.1%, unspecified <0.1% (2015 est.)
note: data represent population by nationality
Child marriage
men married by age 18
5.8% (2022)
women married by age 15
5.5% (2022)
women married by age 18
17% (2022)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio
45.9 (2025 est.)
youth dependency ratio
22.9 (2025 est.)
potential support ratio
4.3 (2025 est.)
elderly dependency ratio
23.1 (2025 est.)
Physician density
0.54 physicians/1,000 population (2021)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
5.2% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
16.1% of national budget (2022 est.)
Net migration rate
-0.41 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Hospital bed density
2.3 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Total fertility rate
1.55 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Drinking water source
improved: rural
rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Education expenditure
Education expenditure (% GDP)
2.5% of GDP (2023 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget)
12.6% national budget (2025 est.)
Infant mortality rate
male
6.9 deaths/1,000 live births
total
6.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
female
5.6 deaths/1,000 live births
Population growth rate
0.13% (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
0.75 (2025 est.)
Population distribution
highest population density is found in and around Bangkok; significant population clusters throughout large parts of the country, particularly north and northeast of Bangkok and in the extreme southern region of the country
Life expectancy at birth
male
75.2 years
female
81.3 years
total population
78.2 years (2024 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
34 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Sanitation facility access
improved: rural
rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 99.9% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita
beer
1.85 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine
0.23 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
total
6.86 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits
4.78 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols
0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Major urban areas - population
11.070 million BANGKOK (capital), 1.454 Chon Buri, 1.359 million Samut Prakan, 1.213 million Chiang Mai, 1.005 million Songkla, 1.001 million Nothaburi (2023)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
10% (2016)
Mother's mean age at first birth
23.3 years (2009 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
52.4% (2022 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight
6.7% (2022 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
male
16 years (2023 est.)
total
16 years (2023 est.)
female
16 years (2023 est.)