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Timor-Leste

Republika Demokratika Timor Lorosa'e (Tetum)/ Republica Democratica de Timor-Leste (Portuguese)

Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)

Budget

note

note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

revenues

$1.877 billion (2022 est.)

expenditures

$1.826 billion (2022 est.)

Exports

note

note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

Exports 2022

$1.858 billion (2022 est.)

Exports 2023

$701.808 million (2023 est.)

Exports 2024

$278.047 million (2024 est.)

Imports

note

note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

Imports 2022

$1.286 billion (2022 est.)

Imports 2023

$1.169 billion (2023 est.)

Imports 2024

$1.197 billion (2024 est.)

Industries

printing, soap manufacturing, handicrafts, woven cloth

Labor force

615,900 (2024 est.)

note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

Public debt

Public debt 2016

3.1% of GDP (2016 est.)

Remittances

note

note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Remittances 2022

5.1% of GDP (2022 est.)

Remittances 2023

9.3% of GDP (2023 est.)

Remittances 2024

11.7% of GDP (2024 est.)

Exchange rates

the US dollar is used

Debt - external

note

note: present value of external debt in current US dollars

Debt - external 2023

$238.042 million (2023 est.)

Economic overview

lower middle-income Southeast Asian economy; government expenditures funded via oil fund drawdowns; endemic corruption undermines growth; foreign aid-dependent; wide-scale poverty, unemployment, and illiteracy

Unemployment rate

note

note: % of labor force seeking employment

Unemployment rate 2022

1.6% (2022 est.)

Unemployment rate 2023

1.6% (2023 est.)

Unemployment rate 2024

1.7% (2024 est.)

Exports - partners

China 46%, Singapore 25%, Japan 15%, Indonesia 5%, USA 3% (2023)

note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

Imports - partners

Indonesia 34%, China 26%, Singapore 9%, Taiwan 5%, India 4% (2023)

note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

Real GDP per capita

note

note: data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP per capita 2022

$5,300 (2022 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2023

$4,300 (2023 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2024

$4,200 (2024 est.)

Real GDP growth rate

note

note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real GDP growth rate 2022

-20.5% (2022 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2023

-18.1% (2023 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2024

-2.2% (2024 est.)

Agricultural products

maize, rice, coconuts, root vegetables, vegetables, cassava, other meats, pork, beans, coffee (2023)

note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Exports - commodities

crude petroleum, natural gas, coffee, scrap iron, telephones (2023)

note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Imports - commodities

refined petroleum, rice, cars, plastic products, trucks (2023)

note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Current account balance

note

note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Current account balance 2022

$408.059 million (2022 est.)

Current account balance 2023

-$177.336 million (2023 est.)

Current account balance 2024

-$529.738 million (2024 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

21.6% (of GDP) (2022 est.)

note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

GDP (official exchange rate)

$1.881 billion (2024 est.)

note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate

GDP - composition, by end use

note

note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

household consumption

70% (2023 est.)

government consumption

52.9% (2023 est.)

investment in inventories

3.1% (2023 est.)

investment in fixed capital

17.4% (2023 est.)

exports of goods and services

22.9% (2023 est.)

imports of goods and services

-66.4% (2023 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

note

note: annual % change based on consumer prices

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022

7% (2022 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023

8.4% (2023 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024

2.1% (2024 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

-57% (2023 est.)

note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Real GDP (purchasing power parity)

note

note: data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022

$7.322 billion (2022 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023

$5.995 billion (2023 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024

$5.863 billion (2024 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)

male

3.2% (2024 est.)

note

note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

total

3.4% (2024 est.)

female

3.7% (2024 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

note

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022

$830.81 million (2022 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023

$781.995 million (2023 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024

$736.967 million (2024 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

note

note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

industry

23.9% (2023 est.)

services

61% (2023 est.)

agriculture

16.9% (2023 est.)