World Factbook
Tonga
Pule'anga Fakatu'i 'o Tonga
Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)
Budget
note
note: central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
revenues
$276.025 million (2023 est.)
expenditures
$244.97 million (2023 est.)
Exports
note
note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports 2022
$59.926 million (2022 est.)
Exports 2023
$95.345 million (2023 est.)
Exports 2024
$119.511 million (2024 est.)
Imports
note
note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports 2022
$330.306 million (2022 est.)
Imports 2023
$383.475 million (2023 est.)
Imports 2024
$392.888 million (2024 est.)
Industries
tourism, construction, fishing
Labor force
34,800 (2024 est.)
note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Public debt
note
note: central government debt as a % of GDP
Public debt 2020
43.9% of GDP (2020 est.)
Remittances
note
note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Remittances 2021
42% of GDP (2021 est.)
Remittances 2022
41.9% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2023
50% of GDP (2023 est.)
Exchange rates
Currency
pa'anga (TOP) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2020
2.3 (2020 est.)
Exchange rates 2021
2.265 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2022
2.328 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2023
2.364 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2024
2.373 (2024 est.)
Debt - external
note
note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Debt - external 2023
$159.276 million (2023 est.)
Economic overview
upper middle-income Pacific island economy; enormous diaspora and remittance reliance; key tourism and agricultural sectors; major fish exporter; rapidly growing Chinese infrastructure investments; rising methamphetamine hub
Unemployment rate
note
note: % of labor force seeking employment
Unemployment rate 2022
2.4% (2022 est.)
Unemployment rate 2023
2.3% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate 2024
2.2% (2024 est.)
Exports - partners
Guyana 17%, USA 17%, NZ 15%, Australia 15%, UAE 12% (2023)
note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Imports - partners
Fiji 27%, NZ 24%, China 21%, Australia 8%, USA 5% (2023)
note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Real GDP per capita
note
note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP per capita 2021
$7,000 (2021 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022
$6,900 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023
$7,100 (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate
note
note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP growth rate 2021
0.4% (2021 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2022
-2.3% (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2023
2.1% (2023 est.)
Agricultural products
coconuts, pumpkins/squash, cassava, sweet potatoes, vegetables, yams, taro, root vegetables, plantains, lemons/limes (2023)
note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Exports - commodities
refined petroleum, gold, processed fruits and nuts, cassava, fish (2023)
note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports - commodities
refined petroleum, plastic products, poultry, cars, sheep and goat meat (2023)
note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Current account balance
note
note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Current account balance 2022
-$27.749 million (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2023
-$30.087 million (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2024
-$21.165 million (2024 est.)
Taxes and other revenues
23.8% (of GDP) (2023 est.)
note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
GDP (official exchange rate)
$508.735 million (2023 est.)
note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
GDP - composition, by end use
note
note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
household consumption
107.6% (2023 est.)
government consumption
29.1% (2023 est.)
investment in inventories
-0.3% (2023 est.)
investment in fixed capital
27.3% (2023 est.)
exports of goods and services
18.8% (2023 est.)
imports of goods and services
-75.4% (2023 est.)
Population below poverty line
20.6% (2021 est.)
note: % of population with income below national poverty line
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
note
note: annual % change based on consumer prices
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022
11% (2022 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023
6.4% (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024
3.2% (2024 est.)
Industrial production growth rate
-11.1% (2023 est.)
note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
note
note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021
$742.114 million (2021 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022
$724.972 million (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023
$740.082 million (2023 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
male
3.9% (2024 est.)
note
note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
total
6.3% (2024 est.)
female
10% (2024 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
note
note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022
$375.564 million (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023
$396.53 million (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024
$377.299 million (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
note
note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
industry
13.5% (2023 est.)
services
50.2% (2023 est.)
agriculture
17.5% (2023 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share
note
note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
lowest 10%
4% (2021 est.)
highest 10%
22% (2021 est.)
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income
note
note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021
27.1 (2021 est.)