World Factbook
Uganda
Republic of Uganda
Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)
Literacy
male
78.5% (2016 est.)
female
61% (2016 est.)
total population
69.1% (2016 est.)
Languages
English (official), Ganda or Luganda (most widely used of the Niger-Congo languages and the language used most often in the capital), other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili (official), Arabic
Religions
Protestant 45.1% (Anglican 32.0%, Pentecostal/Born Again/Evangelical 11.1%, Seventh Day Adventist 1.7%, Baptist .3%), Roman Catholic 39.3%, Muslim 13.7%, other 1.6%, none 0.2% (2014 est.)
Sex ratio
at birth
1.03 male(s)/female
0-14 years
1.03 male(s)/female
15-64 years
0.9 male(s)/female
total population
0.95 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
65 years and over
0.74 male(s)/female
Birth rate
38.91 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate
4.61 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Median age
male
15.5 years
total
16.4 years (2025 est.)
female
17.1 years
Population
male
24,835,513
total
50,863,850 (2025 est.)
female
26,028,337
Nationality
noun
Ugandan(s)
adjective
Ugandan
Tobacco use
male
7.8% (2025 est.)
total
4.5% (2025 est.)
female
1.5% (2025 est.)
Urbanization
urban population
26.8% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization
5.41% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Age structure
0-14 years
47% (male 11,747,745/female 11,427,932)
15-64 years
50.6% (male 11,788,483/female 13,131,051)
65 years and over
2.4% (2024 est.) (male 504,332/female 683,498)
Ethnic groups
Baganda 16.5%, Banyankole 9.6%, Basoga 8.8%, Bakiga 7.1%, Iteso 7%, Langi 6.3%, Bagisu 4.9%, Acholi 4.4%, Lugbara 3.3%, other 32.1% (2014 est.)
Child marriage
men married by age 18
5.5% (2016)
women married by age 15
7.3% (2016)
women married by age 18
34% (2016)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio
96.9 (2025 est.)
youth dependency ratio
92.1 (2025 est.)
potential support ratio
20.8 (2025 est.)
elderly dependency ratio
4.8 (2025 est.)
Physician density
0.19 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
4.7% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
4.9% of national budget (2022 est.)
Net migration rate
-2.96 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Total fertility rate
5.08 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Drinking water source
improved: rural
rural: 51.8% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 59.3% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 80.3% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 48.2% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 40.7% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 19.7% of population (2022 est.)
Education expenditure
Education expenditure (% GDP)
2.6% of GDP (2022 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget)
8.5% national budget (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate
male
31.8 deaths/1,000 live births
total
27.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
female
25.1 deaths/1,000 live births
Population growth rate
3.13% (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
2.5 (2025 est.)
Population distribution
population density is relatively high in comparison to other African nations; most of the population is concentrated in the central and southern parts of the country, particularly along the shores of Lake Victoria and Lake Albert; the northeast is least populated, as shown in this population distribution map
Life expectancy at birth
male
67.5 years
female
72 years
total population
69.7 years (2024 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
170 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Sanitation facility access
improved: rural
rural: 27.9% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 38.2% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 67.1% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 72.1% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 61.8% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 32.9% of population (2022 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita
beer
0.85 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine
0.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
total
6.82 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits
0.5 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols
5.46 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Major urban areas - population
3.846 million KAMPALA (capital) (2023)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
5.3% (2016)
Mother's mean age at first birth
19.4 years (2016 est.)
note: data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
57.8% (2022 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight
9.7% (2022 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
male
10 years (2016 est.)
total
9 years (2016 est.)
female
9 years (2016 est.)